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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

MIE PhD students produce a thesis of original work with the support of world-renowned researchers and facilities.

MIE Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) students work with world renowned faculty members to gain the knowledge and competencies needed for a career in research or industry leadership. The keystone of the doctoral program is a thesis of original work, supervised by a professor.

Students entering the PhD program typically have a Master’s degree. Outstanding applicants coming directly from a bachelor-level program can also apply for direct entry into the PhD program. Full-time PhD students receive funding during the program and can apply for various scholarships.

Admission Requirements

Direct entry phd, flex-time phd, tuition fees, program requirements, specializations, qualifying exam, annual progress review meetings, thesis & final oral examination, phd funding, teaching assistantships, helpful links.

Please note that meeting the minimum requirements does not guarantee admission . The Graduate Office cannot provide assessments of credentials prior to application.

A master's degree with high academic standing from a recognized university (see Alternate Paths to PhD below)
Minimum GPA requirement of 3.3 (B+; 77-79%) in the previous two years of graduate study. View U of T's Grade Scale for reference. International students should use the International Degree Equivalencies Tool to see which international credentials are required
Evidence of exceptional research ability
To be considered for admission, all applicants that require proof of ELP must meet the minimum score requirement for every component of the English language proficiency exam including reading, writing, speaking and listening
All test components must be completed and passed at the same time (applicants cannot combine scores from different exams)
For more information, including approved test centres, visit the School of Graduate Studies website

Alternate Paths to PhD:

Direct Entry PhD: Exceptionally strong applicants (GPA: A- or higher) with a bachelor's degree may be nominated by an MIE professor for direct entry to the PhD program. Learn more about Direct Entry PhD below.
MASc Fast-Track and Retroactive Transfer to PhD: Exceptional MASc students (GPA: A- or higher and no grade lower than B+) may request to transfer to the PhD program before completing all of the MASc program requirements. Learn more about transferring from MASc to PhD

Exceptionally strong applicants with a bachelor's degree may apply directly to the PhD program.

Additional admissions requirements:

GPA: A- or higher
An MIE professor must nominate the student for the Direct Entry PhD program by submitting a one page summary outlining the reasons for the nomination and indicating whether they are able to supervise the student to the Graduate Coordinator: gradchair@mie.utoronto.ca

The Flex-time PhD program offers the flexibility for professionals who want to continue to work while pursuing their PhD part-time.

The program requirements for the Flex-time PhD are the same as the full-time program with the following exceptions:

The qualifying exam must be taken within 16 months of registration rather than 12 months
PhD candidacy is achieved if all requirements have been met by end of 3rd year rather than end of 2nd year

Please note:

the Flex-time PhD program is not eligible for funding support
Transfers between the full-time and flex-time PhD programs are not permitted

View a the PhD Flex-time Program Requirements checklist

Those interested in applying to the Flex-time PhD program must:

a thesis topic
the extent to which the employer will provide time and resources for the student to work on their Ph.D.
a proposal on how the IP policies of the University will be respected.
If the Committee is satisfied that the prospective student, his/her employer and an MIE professor are all committed to the success of the student’s program, the student will be invited to submit a formal application

The information below is for reference only and is subject to change annually. Registered students should check their fee balance on their ACORN account . View the U of T Student Accounts website for more information about fees.

Pay annually:

Domestic students: $8,489.52/year
International students: $9,113.52/year

Pay per session:

Domestic students: $4,272.26/session
International students: $4,896.26/session

Applicants to MIE's PhD program must complete the School of Graduate Studies (SGS) Online Admissions Application by the deadline indicated below.

Application window: October 1 - January 1 (application fee deadline)
Document deadline January 15
Application window:- June 1 - October 1 (application fee deadline)
Document deadline October15

Same application deadlines for Canadian Citizens, Permanent Residents and International Students.

PhD Application Instructions

Students are not required to submit paper copies of their documents unless requested by the Graduate Office.

Create an SGS applicant profile and pay the application fee (non-refundable/transferable, regardless of the circumstance). See application deadlines above.

Once your profile has been created, the following is required:

2 references. Email addresses for referees must be institution-based (not GMail, Hotmail, etc.). Both referees must hold academic appointments and it is required that one or both of the referees be a previous thesis supervisor. References from friends and family will not be accepted. Instructions will be sent to each referee by email via the SGS system on how to submit a reference letter.
Complete (or most up-to-date) academic record / transcript(s). Upload post-secondary institutional transcripts as PDF files. Every transcript must include its respective grading scale . You are not required to submit official paper transcripts unless requested by the Graduate Office.
Resume/C.V.
Letter of Intent: explain why you want to join our program. Describe your research interest, career goals, the courses you intend to take, etc. The letter should be 650 – 1000 words.
Field of Study: Students must indicate up to three fields of study.
If the student’s admitting degree was issued by a country not listed under Exemptions on the School of Graduate Studies website, the student is required to provide English Language Proficiency (ELP) exam results electronically. MIE requires proof of ELP even if their language of instruction and examination was English. Please note that all test components (reading, writing, speaking and listening) must be completed and passed at the same time (applicants cannot combine scores from different exams). For minimum requirements and approved test centres visit the School of Graduate Studies website. Important : If ELP exam results are required, an application is not considered complete until the results are submitted electronically from the testing institution.

Students are not required to submit official paper transcripts unless it is requested by the Graduate Office. The review process will take place using your electronic transcripts. Please note that a request for an official transcript is for verification purposes and does not mean acceptance into the program.

If you are receive an email request for paper documents, mail to:

PhD Program Graduate Studies Office, MC108 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering 5 King’s College Road Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada

After application submission

Admission into the PhD programs is extremely competitive: we only offer admission to a small fraction of applicants, because these students must be funded, either by external scholarships or by a professor's research funds. As a result, PhD applicants are strongly encouraged to contact professors with whom they would like to work, either before or after submitting an application. Without funding, we cannot offer admission.

Students can review the status of their application on the SGS Online Admissions Application website .

Documents Pending

Additional documents required. A student's application is not considered complete until all of the required documents have been submitted. Once all documents have been submitted, status will not automatically update to Under Review. Statuses are updated manually on an ongoing basis.

Under Review

Application complete. Faculty members will review applications and may contact students about offering supervision. Students should actively pursue confirming a supervisor as admission can only be granted to students who have secured a supervisor. Students can contact MIE Faculty members directly to inquire about potential supervision.

If the faculty member has confirmed a student's supervision, the student will be notified of next steps including submission of official final transcripts. Confirmation from the supervisor to the Graduate Office is required to proceed in the PhD program.

Students will then be notified of the results of their application and their status will update to Decision Made.

Graduate Research Days

Select applicants will be invited to learn more about research at MIE at Graduate Research Days . Applicants will be notified if they have been selected to attend.

Winter Orientation was held on December 10, 2024. The presentation is available here .

Transfer credit may be requested for up to two previously completed Half Credit Equivalent (HCE) courses (grade of at least A-) that were not used for credit towards a degree
PhD students must remain in good academic standing by
maintaining an average GPA of A-
no grade lower than B- (No failure, FZ, is permitted)
completing yearly requirements (see below)
progress review meetings (including the Qualifying Exam ) must be held at least every twelve months from the initial date of registration to get feedback on the progress and quality of their work

Note: Failure to remain in good academic standing will result in various sanctions such as student ineligibility for funding and registration in the program.

Yearly requirements

Download Yearly Requirements Checklist

at least three MIE courses
at most one APS or TEP course
at most one 500 level course
at most one Reading course (assigned by supervisor)

Note: Fast-track students must complete seven graduate HCE courses (at least four MIE courses) in the first two years of their PhD program

Attend JDE1000H Ethics in Graduate Research seminar
Attend 70% of MIE's Distinguished Seminar Series (SRD4444Y). Attendance recorded with student's T-card
Hold Qualifying Exam (within 12 months of PhD registration)
Preliminary work on thesis under supervision of MIE faculty member
Complete fifth graduate level HCE course (if not completed in Year 1)
Hold first PhD Committee meeting (within 24 months of PhD registration)
Continue work on thesis

Candidacy will be achieved upon completion of Year 1 & 2 requirements. Candidacy status appears on ACORN.

Hold second PhD Committee meeting (within 36 months of PhD registration)
Hold third PhD Committee meeting (before end of fourth year of program)
Hold MIE Departmental exam after thesis submission to committee (may skip this exam and go directly to Final Oral Exam with committee's vote)
Hold Final Oral Exam (before end of fourth year of program)

View the Program Requirements section above for required courses.

View the Courses page to view all offered MIE courses.

PhD students may pursue collaborative specializations in the following areas:

Engineering Education
Psychology and Engineering

In MIE, the purpose of the qualifying exam is to assess the prospects that the student will complete a quality PhD thesis and will develop the ability to operate as an independent researcher. The date and time of the qualifying exam is coordinated between the student and their supervisory committee. The committee consists of the student’s supervisor and at least two other professors appointed as SGS Graduate Faculty with expertise relevant to the thesis topic. The majority of committee members should be MIE faculty members.

Requirements : In order to schedule a qualifying exam, the PhD student must meet the following requirements:

successfully complete at least four Half Credit Equivalent courses (at least five for Fast-Track PhD), with at least an A- average
obtain one credit on ACORN for attending JDE1000H Ethics in Graduate Research seminar
obtain one credit on ACORN for attending 70% of MIE's Distinguished Seminar Series (SRD4444Y). Attendance recorded with student's T-card

A student who does not meet the above requirements may be required to delay the qualifying exam until requirements are met. A substantial delay (1 term or more) without Grad Office permission will result in a request to SGS to terminate the program.

Program Requirement : To maintain good academic standing, doctoral students are expected to hold their qualifying exam according to the following schedule from time of admission:

12 months - PhD students with a completed Master's degree
8 months - Fast Track PhD students (after fast-tracking from a Master's degree).
16 months - Direct entry from a Bachelor's degree
24 months - Flex-time PhD students.

Process before exam: At least 10 business days before the scheduled qualifying exam, the student must:

book a room for the exam by contacting reception@mie.utoronto.ca
Notify the Graduate Office of their qualifying exam via the Graduate Management System (GMS)
This document is typically double-spaced and no longer than 10 pages (including figures, tables, and a short list of references). Consult with your supervisor for specific expectations. Read about how to write a good qualifying exam research proposal

Procedure during exam:

The qualifying exam begins with a student presentation of no more than 20 minutes that summarizes their research proposal.
This is followed by questions from the committee. (note: MIE PhD qualifying exams are open to other students, unless otherwise requested).
Following the exam, the committee assesses progress to date and suitability for the PhD program.
the committee decides whether to adjourn the exam and allow the student another opportunity to pass the exam within three months ,
or to fail the student and recommend termination of the PhD program.

Following a successful qualifying exam, a PhD student must meet his/her supervisory committee for a progress review meeting at least every twelve months . These meetings allow the committee to assess the progress of the student, in order to decide whether the student remains in good academic standing (see Program Requirements ).

At least ten business days before the scheduled PhD committee meeting, the student must:

book a room for the exam by contacting reception@mie.utoronto.ca
no more than 10 double-spaced pages
summary of recent progress in the research
major tasks that remain and a timetable for completion of the program
papers (journal and conference, published and submitted) and presentations that have resulted from the work
The student may include additional material as appendices to the report (and should refer to this material in the report), however, the committee is not obligated to read any additional material.

Similar to the qualifying exam, a progress review meeting begins with a student presentation of no more than 20 minutes, followed by questions from the committee. Following the meeting, the committee assesses progress since the last exam/meeting. If the assessment is “unsatisfactory”, another meeting must be scheduled within three months, to determine whether to allow the student to remain in the program.

Exams maybe conducted remotely via video conferencing, in-person, or a combination (hybrid).

The PhD program culminates in the presentation of an oral and written thesis.

A student is ready to defend the thesis once:

The student's course requirements have been met
or the thesis committee has decided to forgo the Departmental via Ballot on GMS
Supervisor must trigger the vote to bypass by selecting the Ballot button on the supervisor's student listing on GMS.
The written thesis has been submitted to their supervisor

Once the thesis is ready for the external examiner's appraisal, a member of the supervisory committee must submit the Examiner Nomination Form .

Examiner Nominations

A member of the supervisory committee must submit an External Nomination Form to the Graduate Studies Office via the nomination form at least 10 weeks before the proposed exam date.

The date and time of the oral exam is coordinated between the student and the FOE committee.

SGS will approve the external examiner. Approval criteria can be found in the Guidelines for the Doctoral Final Oral Examination .

Approval of the External Examiner

An external examiner nomination form must be submitted to initiate the approval process. Form must be accessed with a UofT/MIE email address.

C.V. format: website link or document (word, .pdf).

The external examiner's c.v. must contain the following:

Examiner's current title (academic position)
Year current title was attained

If not included on the c.v., a link to the researcher's website must include the following:

If at UofT, supervisor must be identified.
A list of current and graduated research students (Masters and PhD).
A list of publications.

Once the examiner is approved, the written thesis may then be sent to the external examiner.

The candidate may use UTsend , Dropbox , OneDrive , etc to distribute the thesis to the examiner and other members of the committee.

Scheduling the Final Oral Exam

A committee member or the student should use a scheduling tool to arrange the meeting date (e.g. Doodle , Calendly , etc) in order to minimize the interactions with the examiner before the exam.

Once the date is set, the student must submit the PhD Final Oral Scheduling Form at least 8 weeks before the exam date.

Once the scheduling form is received, the Graduate Program Administrator will:

Distribute the examiner's instructions to the approved examiner.
SGS requires a minimum of 20 business days (excluding weekends, holidays and winter break) to fulfill a chair request.

A member of the supervisory committee must arrange video conferencing details for virtual exams.

The candidate cannot host a virtual final exam.

After the Exam

Following a successful FOE, and once the thesis has been finalized, the PhD student must submit their corrected, final thesis to their supervisor for approval. If the student's supervisor requests a printed copy, visit the SGS website for standard formatting requirements.

I f a printed report is requested by the supervisor:

the binding of theses should be good quality buckram hard-cover, with gold lettering. Colour of PhD thesis cover must be blue.

SGS does not require a physical copy of the thesis. The student must upload an electronic copy of the supervisor-approved thesis to ProQuest in accordance with the SGS thesis submission guidelines.

The Graduate Office does not require a physical copy of the thesis.

After submitting their thesis to ProQuest, the student must:

Complete the departmental Clearance Form online.

Technical problems accessing the clearance form must be reported to:

Departmental IT Support: computing@mie.utoronto.ca

Convocation Ceremony

Ceremony details are communicated by SGS and the Office of Convocation .

Final Year Fees

Final year fees are pro-rated by date of final thesis submission .

Stay Connected!

Registered PhD candidates receive enough funding to cover tuition and incidental fees. In addition, PhD candidates receive a minimum of $26,000 per year for up to four years (5 years for PhD direct-entry and fast-track students).

Most students earn more than the minimum as a result of teaching assistantships and scholarships, such as from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada, the Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR), and the Ontario Graduate Scholarships (OGS) program.

View the Scholarships & Funding page for more information.

For funding letters please visit the Graduate Management System (GMS) .

All full-time graduate students are eligible to apply for Teaching Assistant (TA) paid positions at MIE. TAs assist undergraduate and graduate course instructors with supervision of labs, leading tutorials and marking assignments and tests.

Apply for TA positions and view more job and volunteer opportunities on the Professional Development page.

AMIGAS is the graduate student association at MIE. They host social, athletic, academic, and professional development events for all MIE graduate students, aiming to enrich their professional and personal leadership experiences.

School of Graduate Studies (SGS)

SGS homepage
Sessional Dates
SGS Grad Hub
Student Forms & Letter Requests
Scholarships & Awards
Graduate Supervision Guidelines

PhD Final Oral Scheduling

External Examiner Request Form
PhD Final Oral Scheduling Form
SGS FOE Guidelines

Student Information Systems

Student administrative system
Enrol in courses
View timetable
Course materials & info
Book appointments
Request transfers
U of T webmail

Email: gradoffice@mie.utoronto.ca

MASc & PhD applicants: Email: grad.admission@mie.utoronto.ca

Office: MC108, 5 King's College Road

Hours: Monday to Friday, 10 am - 4 pm

Mailing address: Graduate Studies Office, MC108 Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Toronto 5 King’s College Road Toronto, ON M5S 3G8 Canada

Professor Eric Diller

Associate Chair of Graduate Studies

Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering University of Toronto 5 King’s College Road Toronto, Ontario • M5S 3G8 • Canada Phone: +1-416-978-3040

Traditional Land Acknowledgement

We wish to acknowledge this land on which the University of Toronto operates. For thousands of years it has been the traditional land of the Huron-Wendat, the Seneca, and the Mississaugas of the Credit. Today, this meeting place is still the home to many Indigenous people from across Turtle Island and we are grateful to have the opportunity to work on this land.

School of Graduate Studies

International credentials equivalencies.

Graduates of recognized academic institutions outside Canada should hold an appropriate bachelor’s degree or its equivalent as assessed by the University of Toronto.

Many graduate units (departments, centres, and institutes) have higher minimum requirements than the minimum SGS requirements. As we receive many more applications each year from excellent candidates than we have placements available, meeting the minimum admissions requirement does not necessarily guarantee admission.

Use the tool below to see which international credentials are required for master’s and doctoral admissions at U of T. If your credential is not listed in the list below, contact the department to which you are applying.

Afghanistan

Minimum GPA: 80%
A Minus GPA: 90%
B Plus GPA: 85%
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s/Licence (requiring 4 years of study); Master`s
Minimum GPA: 7.5/10 or 4/5
B Plus GPA: 8/10
Bachelors Equiv: Pre-2007: Diplome, professional title (requiring a minimum of 4 years of study) Post-2007: Diplome e Nivelit te Dyte
Masters Equiv: Pre-2007: Kandidat i Shkencave (Candidate of Science); Diplome e Studimeve te Thelluara pasuniversitare
Minimum GPA: 14/20
Bachelors Equiv: Diplome d`Ingenieur/d`Architecture (requiring a minimum of 4 years of study)
Masters Equiv: Diplôme de Magister
Minimum GPA: N/A
A Minus GPA: N/A
B Plus GPA: N/A
Bachelors Equiv: Bàtxelor (requiring four years of study), Bàtxelor d’especialització
Masters Equiv: Màster
B Plus GPA: 15/20
Bachelors Equiv: *Licenciatura or professional title; superior academic standing required
Masters Equiv: Mestre, Doctorate

Antigua and Barbuda

Minimum GPA: Second Class, Upper Division
B Plus GPA: Second Class, Upper Division
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s
Masters Equiv: Master`s
Minimum GPA: 7/10
B Plus GPA: 7.5/10
Bachelors Equiv: Licenciado/Licentiatura or professional title (e.g. Ingeniero, Arquitecto, Abogado) requiring four years of study
Masters Equiv: Maestria/Magister
Minimum GPA: 4/5 or Good
B Plus GPA: 4.3/5
Bachelors Equiv: Bakalavri Kochum (Bachelor`s); Specialist Diploma
Masters Equiv: Magistrosi Kochum (Master`s); Specialist Diploma requiring a minimum of 5 years of study*
Minimum GPA: Distinction/2nd Class, Upper Division; 70/100 ; 75/100*
B Plus GPA: Distinction/2nd Class, Upper Division; 70/100 ; 75/100*
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s (Honours) requiring at least 4 years of study; or Post Graduate Diploma, Graduate Diploma or Master`s Qualifying Year (awarded after 3-year Bachelor’s degree).
Masters Equiv: Master`s degree (by research or by coursework) following completion of a four-year bachelor`s degree (or its equivalent).
Minimum GPA: 2.5/5 on a reverse scale
B Plus GPA: 2/5
Bachelors Equiv: Bakkalaureus; Diplom-Ingenieur; Magister
Masters Equiv: Doktor*;Fachhochschuldiplom*; Master (Post-2004)
Minimum GPA: 4/5; 71/100
A Minus GPA: 4.7/5; 88/100
B Plus GPA: 4.3/5; 81/100
Bachelors Equiv: Bakalavr (Bachelor`s Degree; requiring at least 4 years of study), Diploma of Specialist, Magistr
Masters Equiv: Magistr (post-1997; equivalent to Master`s), Kandidat Nauk (equivalent to Ph.D., prior to 1991)
Minimum GPA: 2nd Class Upper Division
B Plus GPA: TBA
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s Degree (from UWI)*
Minimum GPA: 3/4
B Plus GPA: 3.3/4
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s, requiring 4 years of study
Masters Equiv: Master`s Degree
Minimum GPA: 60/100; 3.0/4.0
B Plus GPA: 65/100; 3.25/4.0
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s Degree, requiring a minimum of 4 years of studyOr Completion of both Bachelor and Master`s
Masters Equiv: Master of PhilosophyOr Master`s Degree following a 4-year Bachelor (e.g. Master of Engineering; Master of Science in Engineering; Master of Science in Agriculture)
Minimum GPA: Upper Second Class; 3.5/4
A Minus GPA: First Class Honours; 3.75/4
B Plus GPA: Upper Second Class; 3.7/4
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s (Honours)
Minimum GPA: 4/5 or Good; 6.5/10
B Plus GPA: 4.3/5; 7.5/10
Bachelors Equiv: Bakalavr; Specialist Diploma
Masters Equiv: Magistr; Specialist Diploma*
A Minus GPA: 16/20
Bachelors Equiv: Licencie/Licenciaat, Professional Title (eg. Ingenieur, Architecte)
Masters Equiv: Bachelor’s degree, licenciaat, licencé
Minimum GPA: 83/100%
B Plus GPA: 87/100%
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor (requiring 4 years of study)
Masters Equiv: *
Bachelors Equiv: *Maitrise (minimum 4 years of study)
Masters Equiv: Diplome d`Etudes approfondies (DEA), Diplome d`Etudes superieures specialisees (DESS)
Minimum GPA: 50/100; Second Division/Class
Minimum GPA: 75%
B Plus GPA: 80%
Bachelors Equiv: Licenciatura/Licenciado, Professional title-titulo* (e.g. Ingeniero)

Bosnia-Herzegovina

Minimum GPA: 4/5; 8/10
B Plus GPA: 4.3/5; 8.6/10
Bachelors Equiv: Diploma Visoko Obrazovanja (Advanced Diploma of Higher Education) normally requires 4-6 years of study
Masters Equiv: Magistar – normally requires 2 years of study and a thesis
Minimum GPA: Second Class, First Division
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s , requiring 4 or 5 years of study
Minimum GPA: 7.7/10
B Plus GPA: 8.3/10
Bachelors Equiv: Bacharel/ Bacharelado (Bachelor`s awarded after 4 to 5 years of study); Licenciado/Licenciatura (Licenciate/License awarded after 4 to 5 years of study); Titulo Profissional (Professional Title awarded after 4 to 6 years of study).
Masters Equiv: Mestrado, Mestre, Cursos de Mestrado (Master`s degree programs)

Brunei Darussalam

Minimum GPA: Second Class Honours (Upper Division)
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s Degree, requiring 4 years of study
Minimum GPA: 4.5/6, Very Good
B Plus GPA: 5/6
Bachelors Equiv: Diploma za Zavarsheno Visshe Obrazovanie (requiring a minimum of 4 years of study); Bakalavr
Masters Equiv: Magistr; Diploma za Zavarsheno Visshe Obrazovanie (requiring a minimum of 5 years of study)

Burkina Faso

Minimum GPA: 15/20
B Plus GPA: 15.5/20
Bachelors Equiv: *Maitrise, Diplome d`Ingenieur (with minimum 4 years of study)
Masters Equiv: Diplôme d’Études Supérieures Spécalisées (DESS), Diplôme d’Études Approfondies (DEA)
Minimum GPA: 75/100
B Plus GPA: 80/100
Bachelors Equiv: *Licence, Diplome d`Ingenieur (minimum 4 years of study)
A Minus GPA: 18/20
B Plus GPA: 16/20
Bachelors Equiv: Licenciatura
Masters Equiv: Mestrado
Minimum GPA: 8/10; 80/100
A Minus GPA: 9/10; 90/100
B Plus GPA: 8.5/10; 85/100
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s/Licence, requiring a minimum of 4 years of study
Masters Equiv: Master’s degree
Minimum GPA: 65/100, 3.0/4.0 (post-2007 system); 14/20 (pre-2007 Francophone system)
B Plus GPA: 70/100, 3.30/4.0 (post-2007 system); 16/20 (pre-2007 Francophone system)
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s (post-2007 system); Maitraise (pre-2007 Francophone system)
Masters Equiv: Master`s (post-2007 system); Doctorat de Troisieme Cylcle (pre-2007 Francophone system)
Minimum GPA: B
B Plus GPA: B+
Bachelors Equiv: Appropriate Bachelor`s

Central African Republic

Bachelors Equiv: Maitrise, specialized diplome, or professional title; requiring 4-6 years of study
Bachelors Equiv: Maitrise
Minimum GPA: 5.3 /7
B Plus GPA: 5.7/7
Bachelors Equiv: Licenciado, Titulo de [subject area] (Professional Title – e.g. Ingeniero, Egresado, Medico Veterinario) requiring four years of study.
Masters Equiv: Magister
Minimum GPA: 80/100
B Plus GPA: *Grading System 1: 85/100; **Grading System 2: 83/100
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s Degree, requiring a minimum of 4 years of study
Masters Equiv: Master`s Degree (with thesis) 2-3 years
Minimum GPA: 3.7/5.0
B Plus GPA: 3.9/5.0
Bachelors Equiv: Licenciado, Título de [subject area] or Profesional en [subject area] (Professional title – e.g. Ingeniero or Psicólogo), Licentiatura or Titulo de Tecnico Superior requiring four years of study.
Bachelors Equiv: Master
Masters Equiv: N/A
Bachelors Equiv: *Master's, (Maitrise), requiring a minimum of 4 years of post-secondary study, Diplôme d'Ingénieur
Masters Equiv: Diplome d`Etudes superieures (DES), Diplome d`Etudes Approfondies (DEA)

Congo (Democratic Republic)

Bachelors Equiv: Licence, Diplome d`Ingenieur, Docteur en Medecine
Masters Equiv: Diplome d`Etudes specialisees (or superieures) (DES)
Minimum GPA: 80/100, 8/10, Very Good
B Plus GPA: 85/100, 8.5/100
Bachelors Equiv: * Bachiller, Bachillerato Universitario, Licenciado, Titulo
Masters Equiv: Maestra

Cote d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast)

Minimum GPA: 12/20
B Plus GPA: 14/20
Bachelors Equiv: Licence (awarded after 4 years university);Maitrise; Diplome des Grandes Ecoles; Diplome d`Ingenieur;Doctorate en Medecine
Masters Equiv: *Diplome d`Etudes Approfondies Diplome d`Etudes Superieures Doctorat de Specialite de Troisieme Cycle
Minimum GPA: 4/5
Bachelors Equiv: Diploma (pre-2005) requiring 4-6 years of study; Baccalaureaus (post-2005) requiring at least 4 years of study
Masters Equiv: Magistar (pre-2005) Magistra (post-2005)
Minimum GPA: 85/100, 4/5
B Plus GPA: 87/100
Bachelors Equiv: Licenciado(a)/Licenciatura, Titulo (Ingeniero, Doctor, Arquitecto)
Minimum GPA: 7.5/10
Bachelors Equiv: Ptychion, Bachelor`s

Czech Republic

Minimum GPA: Velmi Dobre (Very Good), 2.4-2.0/4
B Plus GPA: Vyborne (Excellent), 1.9-1.5/4
Bachelors Equiv: Old system:Diplom, Inzenyr (Engineering), MUDr. (Doctor of Medicine/Dentistry), MVDr. (Veterinary Medicine)New system:Bakalar
Masters Equiv: Magistr
Minimum GPA: 8/12 (9/13 pre-August 2007)
A Minus GPA: 10.5/12 (11/13 pre-August 2007)
B Plus GPA: 9.5/12 (10/13 pre-August 2007)
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor’s degree requiring four years of study, Diplomingeniør, Candidatus Philosophiae
Masters Equiv: Master’s, Magisterkonfereus, Magister Artium
Bachelors Equiv: *Maitrise, requiring a minimum of 4 years of study
Bachelors Equiv: N/A

Dominican Republic

Minimum GPA: 3/4; 80/100
A Minus GPA: 3.6/4; 87/100
B Plus GPA: 3.3/4; 83/100
Bachelors Equiv: Licenciado, Licenciatura
Masters Equiv: Maestria
Minimum GPA: 30/40; 23/30; 15/20
B Plus GPA: 33/40; 25/30; 16/20
Bachelors Equiv: Licenciado or professional title (e.g. Ingeniero) requiring a minimum of four years of study
Masters Equiv: *Maestria
Minimum GPA: Very Good
A Minus GPA: Excellent; Distinction
B Plus GPA: Very Good
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s/ Baccalaureos
Masters Equiv: Master`s (Majistair or Majistr)

El Salvador

Minimum GPA: 8/10
Bachelors Equiv: Licenciado or professional title requiring at least four years of study

Equatorial Guinea

Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s degree, requiring 4 years of study
Masters Equiv: Master`s degree (programs beginning in 2004)
Minimum GPA: Very Good (väga hea), 4/5, B
B Plus GPA: Very Good (väga hea), 4.3/5, B
Bachelors Equiv: Bakalaureusekraad; Specialist Diploma
Masters Equiv: Magister (Magistrikraad); Specialist Diploma*
Minimum GPA: 70
A Minus GPA: 80
B Plus GPA: 75
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor
Masters Equiv: Master
Minimum GPA: 3/4 or 85%
Minimum GPA: 65/100
Bachelors Equiv: * Bachelor`s
Minimum GPA: 3.5/5
B Plus GPA: 3.75/5
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s degree; Oikeusnotaari / Rättsnotarie Old system: Kandidaatti/Kandidat
Masters Equiv: Master`s degree, Oikeustieteen Maisteri / Juris Magister Old system: Lisensiatatti, Maisteri/Magister
A Minus GPA: 14/20
B Plus GPA: 13/20
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor’s degree or licence requiring four years of study, Diplôme de Grande École, Diplôme d’Ingénieur
Masters Equiv: Maitrise, Mastère Specialisée
Minimum GPA: Bien
Bachelors Equiv: * Maitrise (minimum four years of study), Diplome d`Ingenieur
Masters Equiv: Doctorat

Gambia, The

Minimum GPA: 3.0/4.3
A Minus GPA: 3.7/4.3
B Plus GPA: 3.3/4.3
Masters Equiv: Master's
Minimum GPA: 4/5; C (ECTS)
B Plus GPA: 4.3/5; B (ECTS)
Bachelors Equiv: Bakalavris Khariskhi (requiring 4 yrs of study); Specialist Diploma
Masters Equiv: Magistris Khariskhi; *Specialist Diploma
Minimum GPA: 2.5/5
Bachelors Equiv: BachelorDiplomMagister Artium
Masters Equiv: MasterDoktor/Promotion
Minimum GPA: 60/100; Upper Second Class
A Minus GPA: 70/100; Upper Second Class
B Plus GPA: 65/100; Upper Second Class
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s – 4 years of study
A Minus GPA: 8.5/10
Bachelors Equiv: Ptychio or *Diploma – see notes.
Masters Equiv: Metaptychiako Diploma Eidikefsis (Postgraduate Diploma of Specialization)
Minimum GPA: 85%
B Plus GPA: 87%
Bachelors Equiv: Licenciado/Licentiatura or Titulo requiring four years of study
Masters Equiv: Maestro/Maestria/Magister/Maestrado
Bachelors Equiv: *Licence (requiring four years of study), Maitrise, Diplome d`Etude superieures (DES), Diplome d`Ingenieur
Masters Equiv: **Diplome d`Etudes Approfondies (DEA)

Guinea-Bissau

Minimum GPA: Good
Bachelors Equiv: *Bachelor`s, requiring 4 years of study
Masters Equiv: Master’s
Minimum GPA: 83/100
Bachelors Equiv: Contact your Student Services Officer.*
Minimum GPA: 85/100, Muy Bueno
Bachelors Equiv: Licenciado or Titulo requiring four years of study
Minimum GPA: *Grading System 1: Second Class Upper Division; 3.0/4.0; **Grading System 2: 3.0/4.0
B Plus GPA: *Grading System 1: Second Class Upper Division; 3.2/4.0; **Grading System 2: 3.3/4.0
Bachelors Equiv: 4-year Bachelor (Honours)
Masters Equiv: Master`s degree
Minimum GPA: 4/5; Good
A Minus GPA: 4.7/5; Outstanding
B Plus GPA: 4.5/5; Outstanding
Bachelors Equiv: Egyetemi Oklevel (requiring at least four years of study) or Professional title (requiring at least four-and-a half years of study)
Masters Equiv: Egyetemi Doktor
Minimum GPA: 7.25/10
A Minus GPA: 8/10
Bachelors Equiv: Cand. Juris (law), Cand. Med., Cand. Mag., Verkfraedingur (Engineering) (See note below*)
Minimum GPA: 1st Class/Div or 8.0/10; 7.5/10 from Indian Institutes of Technology
A Minus GPA: 1st Class/Div or 9/10; 8.5/10 from Indian Institutes of Technology
B Plus GPA: 1st Class/Div or 8.5/10; 8/10 from Indian Institutes of Technology
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s Degree, requiring a minimum of 4 years of study (e.g. BPharm, MBBS, BDS, BTech, BEng, BArch, etc.) or completion of BOTH a Bachelor`s (three-year) degree and a Master`s
Masters Equiv: MPhil; MTech; MEng; MSc (Eng)
Bachelors Equiv: Sarjana Satu (S1)
Masters Equiv: Magister (S2) – 2 years after Sarjana Satu (S1)
A Minus GPA: 17/20
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s (Karshenasi)
Masters Equiv: Master`s (Karshenasi Arshad)
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science; requiring at least 4 years of study
Minimum GPA: Second class honours, grade I (60%)
A Minus GPA: First class honours (70%)
B Plus GPA: Second class honours, grade I 65%
Bachelors Equiv: Honours bachelor’s degree
A Minus GPA: 85/100
B Plus GPA: 82/100
Minimum GPA: 25/30 (courses); 90/110 (thesis/final graduation mark)
A Minus GPA: 27/30 (courses); 105/110 (thesis/final graduation mark)
B Plus GPA: 26/30 (courses); 95/110 (thesis/final graduation mark)
Bachelors Equiv: Laurea requiring four years of study
Masters Equiv: Master (post 2001); Laurea Specialistica/Magistrale
Minimum GPA: Second Class, Upper Division (3/4)
A Minus GPA: First Class (3.7/4)
B Plus GPA: Second Class, Upper Division (3.3/4)
Masters Equiv: Master`s, Mphil.
Minimum GPA: 77-79
A Minus GPA: 84-86
B Plus GPA: 80-83
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s degree (Gakushi-shogo / 学士号)
Masters Equiv: Master`s degree (Shushi-go / 修士号) – see notes.
Minimum GPA: 3.23/4; 79/100
A Minus GPA: 3.67/4; 84/100
B Plus GPA: 3.46/4; 81/100
Minimum GPA: 4/5 or Good Standing
Bachelors Equiv: Bakalavr (requiring 4 years of study); Specialist Diploma
Masters Equiv: Master’s degree; *Specialist Diploma
Minimum GPA: 2nd Upper or Upper 2nd Class or 63/100
B Plus GPA: 2nd Upper or Upper 2nd Class or 67/100
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s degree with Honours, requiring 4 years of study
Minimum GPA: 3.5
A Minus GPA: 4
B Plus GPA: 3.7

Korea, North

Minimum GPA: 9/10 or 90/100
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s requiring at least five years of study.

Korea, South

Minimum GPA: 3.3/4.5
A Minus GPA: 4/4.5
B Plus GPA: 3.7/4.5
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor's
B Plus GPA: 8.6/10
Bachelors Equiv: Diploma Visokog Obrazovanja* (requiring at least 4 years of study)- Pre 2003; Bachelors (Post 2003)
Masters Equiv: Master (Post-2003); Magistar (Pre-2003) Nauka/Umetsnosti
Minimum GPA: 7/9 or 80/100 or 3/4
Bachelors Equiv: Bakalavr (Bachelor`s Degree; requiring at least 4 years of study), Specialist Diploma
Masters Equiv: Magistr; *Specialist Diploma
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s Degree requiring 5 years of study
Minimum GPA: Labi (Good), 7/10
B Plus GPA: Loti Labi (Very Good), 8/10
Bachelors Equiv: Bakalaurs; Specialist Diploma
Masters Equiv: Magistrs; Arsta Grads*; Zobarsta Grads*; Specialist Diploma**
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s, Licence requiring 4 yrs of study
Masters Equiv: Maîtrise in Scientific subjects, Master’s Degree at the American University, the Magistère, the Diplôme d’Etudes supérieures, and the Diplôme d’Etudes approfondies (1-2 years of study)
Minimum GPA: 70/100
B Plus GPA: First Class
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s, requiring at least four years of study
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelors`s Degree requiring 4 years of study
Minimum GPA: 3.3/4.0, Very Good or 80%

Liechtenstein

Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s requiring 4 years of study
Minimum GPA: Good (gerai), 8/10
B Plus GPA: Good (gerai), 8.5/10
Bachelors Equiv: Bakalauras; Specialist Diploma
Masters Equiv: Magistras*; Specialist Diploma**
Bachelors Equiv: Professional Title
Masters Equiv: Diplome d`Etudes Superieures Specialisees (DESS)
Bachelors Equiv: Licenciatura, requiring a minimum of 4 years of study
Bachelors Equiv: * Visoko Obrazovanja, Diplomiran requiring a minimum of 4 years of study
Masters Equiv: Magister**
Bachelors Equiv: Maitrise, requiring a minimum of 4 years of study
Masters Equiv: Diplome D`Etudes Superieures (DES), Diplome D`Etudes Approfondies (DEA)
Minimum GPA: 72/100
Minimum GPA: 2nd Class Upper Division; Numerical Grade: 3.00, 64%
A Minus GPA: 1st Class; Numerical Grade: 3.60, 70%
B Plus GPA: 2nd Class Upper Division; Numerical Grade: 3.30, 67%
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s degree awarded with Honours
A Minus GPA: 3.5/4
Bachelors Equiv: Honours Bachelor’s degree
Bachelors Equiv: Diplome D`Etudes Universitaires Approfondies Diplome De L`Ecole Normale Superieure
Masters Equiv: Maitrise
Minimum GPA: Second Class (Upper)
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s, Doctor (Professional Title)

Marshall Islands

Minimum GPA: *Check with the School of Graduate Studies
Bachelors Equiv: Diplome (5 years), Maitrise
Minimum GPA: 2nd Class (Division 1)
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s with Honours – minimum of 3 years of study
Masters Equiv: M.A., M.Sc., MBA, M.Phil
Minimum GPA: 8/10 or 80/100
B Plus GPA: 8.3/10 or 83/100
Bachelors Equiv: Titulo de Licenciado/Tecnico Superior/Tecnologo (Professional) requiring four years of study. *See notes
B Plus GPA: 8.4/10
Bachelors Equiv: Diploma de Licenta Diploma de Inginer Diploma of Specialist Diploma de Studii Superioare – requires four to six years of study
Masters Equiv: Diploma de Doctor; *Specialist Diploma
Minimum GPA: 3/4; 4/5
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s and Master`s
Bachelors Equiv: Post 2007-Bachelor; Pre 2007-Diploma Visokog Obrazovanja* (requiring at least 4 years of study)
Masters Equiv: Post 2007 – Master (Magistarska Diploma; Pre 2007 – Magistar Nauka/Umetnosti
Bachelors Equiv: Licence; Diplome d`Ingenieur; Maitraise (all requiring 4 years of study)
Minimum GPA: 75/100 or 4/5
B Plus GPA: 80/100 or 4.25/5
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s (Honour`s) requiring 4 years of study
Masters Equiv: M.A., M.Sc., Med., M.D.Sc., M.Agr.Sc., M.Phil.
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s degree with at least 4 years of study
Minimum GPA: 1st Class/Division
B Plus GPA: 1st Class/Division
Bachelors Equiv: Completion of both Bachelor`s and Master`s degrees OR a Bachelor`s degree, requiring a minimum 4 years of study, in Engineering, Medicine, Veterinary Sciences, Agriculture, Forestry
Masters Equiv: M.Eng.; Medicine; Veterinary Sciences; Agriculture; M.Phil.

Netherlands

B Plus GPA: 7.75/10
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s degree Pre-2002: Doctoraal/Doctorandus (Drs.), Ingenieur (Ir.), Meester (Mr.) (in Law)

New Zealand

Minimum GPA: Clear Second; B (65%)
A Minus GPA: Bare First, A- (75%)
B Plus GPA: High Second, B+ (70%)
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s degree (Honours, or 4-year degree)
Minimum GPA: 80/100; 2nd Class Upper Division
Bachelors Equiv: Maîtrise, Diplôme d’Ingénieur, Diplôme d’Agronomie Approfondie, Doctorat en Médicine
Masters Equiv: Diplome d`Etudes approfondies (DEA), Diplome d`Etudes superieures specialisees (DESS), Doctorat de 3e Cycle, Doctorat d`Etat
Minimum GPA: 2nd Class Upper Division; 3.50; 60/100
A Minus GPA: 1st Class; 4.50; 70/100
B Plus GPA: 2nd Class Upper Division; 4.00; 67/100
Bachelors Equiv: Honours Bachelor`s degree
Minimum GPA: C, 2.5/6 (prior to 2003)
A Minus GPA: A, 2/6 (prior to 2003)
B Plus GPA: B, 2.25/6 (prior to 20023)
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor’s degree requiring four years of study, modern candidate programs in the life science, candidatus/candidate masgisterii requiring four years of study (pre-2003)
Masters Equiv: Master’s degree, candidate program with a subject-specific title (pre-2007), Sivilingeniør, Sivilarkitekt
Minimum GPA: First Class / Division or 60%*
A Minus GPA: Distinction / Honours or 75%***
B Plus GPA: First Class / Division or 67.5%**
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s Degree, requiring a minimum of 4 years of study (e.g. BPharm, MBBS, BTech, BEng, BArch etc.)Or Completion of both Bachelor and Master`s
Masters Equiv: Master of Philosophy or Master`s Degree following at least a 4-year Bachelor

Palestine Territory

Minimum GPA: 85/100
A Minus GPA: 95/100
B Plus GPA: 90/100

Papua New Guinea

Minimum GPA: Class II division A
A Minus GPA: 4.7/5
Bachelors Equiv: Licenciado or professional title, requiring four years of study
Bachelors Equiv: Bachiller or Licenciado or professional title requiring four years of study at a university.

Philippines

Minimum GPA: Reversed scale: 1.75; De La Salle University: 3.0
B Plus GPA: Reversed scale: 1.5; De La Salle University: 3.25
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor's degree if admitted to university after 12 years of primary and secondary education. Completion of both bachelor`s and master`s degrees if admitted to university after 10 years of primary and secondary education.
Masters Equiv: Doctorate
Minimum GPA: Dobry (good), 4/5
Bachelors Equiv: Dyplom Ukonczenia Studiow Wyzszych Magister (pre-2005); Dyplom Ukonczenia Studiow Wyzszych Lekarz; Bachelor (Licencjat, Inżynier)(post-2005)
Masters Equiv: Dyplom Ukonczenia Studiow Wyzszych Magister requiring 5 years of study (pre-2005) *; Magister (post-2005)
Bachelors Equiv: Licenciado/Licenciatura requiring a minimum of 4 years study
Masters Equiv: Mestre/Mestrado, Masters, Doutor, Posgraduacao

Puerto Rico

Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s, requiring four years of study
A Minus GPA: 3.7/4; 87/100
B Plus GPA: 3.5/4; 85/100
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s Degree
A Minus GPA: 9.5/10
B Plus GPA: 9/10
Bachelors Equiv: Diploma de Licenta; Diploma de Inginer; Diploma de Licenta ciclul 1 +2*.
Masters Equiv: Diploma de Master

Russian Federation

A Minus GPA: 4.5/5
Masters Equiv: Magistr; Specialist Diploma (requiring 5 years of study)
Bachelors Equiv: Maitrise, Diplome d`Ingenieur
Masters Equiv: Doctorate, Diplome de Specialisation in Medicine

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Saint lucia, saint vincent and the grenadines.

Minimum GPA: 70%
A Minus GPA: 80%
B Plus GPA: 75%

Sao Tome and Principe

Saudi arabia.

Minimum GPA: Very good, 80% or 3/4
B Plus GPA: 85% or 3.5/4
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s Degree (4 years – see notes)
Bachelors Equiv: * Maitrise (minimum 4 years of study)
Bachelors Equiv: Post 2003– Bachelor; Pre 2003-Diploma Visokog Obrazovanja* (requiring at least 4 years of study)
Masters Equiv: Post 2003 – Master; Pre 2003- Magistar Nauka/ Umetnosti**

Sierra Leone

Minimum GPA: 60/100; Upper Second Class Honour’s
A Minus GPA: 70/100; First Class Honour’s
B Plus GPA: 65/100; Second Class Honour’s
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor Honours Degree
Minimum GPA: Second Class Honours, Upper Division
A Minus GPA: First Class Honours
B Plus GPA: Second Class Honours, Upper Division
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s (with minimum 4 years of study)
Masters Equiv: Master`s (1-3 years of study)

Slovak Republic

Minimum GPA: 2/4 on a reverse scale
B Plus GPA: 1.5/4
Bachelors Equiv: Old System: Diplom; Absolvent Vysoke Skoly; Inzenyr (Engineering); MUDr. (Doctor of Medicine/Dentistry); MVDr. (Veterinary Medicine)New system: Bakalar requiring four years of study;Magister requiring four years of study
Masters Equiv: Magister requiring five or more years of study; Magisterské; Inžinierske
Bachelors Equiv: Post 2006–Bachelor; Pre 2006-Univerzitetni Diplomirani*; Diploma with a professional title requiring at least 4 years of study
Masters Equiv: Post 2006 – Master Pre 2006 -Specializacija**; Magister Znanosti**; Magister Umetnosti**

Solomon Islands

Minimum GPA: 3/4.5
B Plus GPA: 3.5/4.5
Minimum GPA: 26/30, 80%
A Minus GPA: 28/30, 90%
B Plus GPA: 27/30, 85%
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor, Lawryada, or Shahaadada Lawriya requiring four years of study
Masters Equiv: Doctoral admissions will be assessed on a case-by-case basis

South Africa

Minimum GPA: 2nd Class Upper Division or 70/100
A Minus GPA: First Class or 75/100
B Plus GPA: 2nd Class Upper Division or 73/100
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor Honours Degree* (4-year)

South Sudan

Minimum GPA: *Check with SGS
B Plus GPA: *
Bachelors Equiv: *
Bachelors Equiv: Post-2006: Titulo de Graduado (Grado) requiring four years of study. Pre-2006: Licenciado or Licenciatura or Professional title (Ingeniero, Arquitecto,etc.)
Masters Equiv: Post 2006: Titulo de Master (Master Universitario)
Minimum GPA: 2nd Class Upper or 63/100
A Minus GPA: 1st Class or 70/100
B Plus GPA: 2nd Class Upper or 67/100
Bachelors Equiv: *Bachelor`s Degree (Special), Professional Title (4 yr.)
Minimum GPA: 3/4 or 67/100
B Plus GPA: 3.3/4 or 73/100
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s Honours Degree (5-year)
Minimum GPA: met genoegen (good)
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s requiring a minimum of 4 years of study
Minimum GPA: 1st Class
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s (minimum 4-year)
Minimum GPA: Väl godkänd (Pass with distinction)
B Plus GPA: Väl godkänd (Pass with distinction)
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s degree Pre-2005: Magistersexamen with at least 160 credits (four years of study).
Masters Equiv: Master`s degree Pre-2005: Licentiatexamen; Doktorsexamen

Switzerland

Minimum GPA: 5/6; 7/10; 2.5/5 on a reverse scale
B Plus GPA: 5/6; 8/10; 2/5 on a reverse scale
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor (Post-2005) Pre-2005: Lizentiat/Licence; Diploma/Diplome; Staatsdiplom (from a Federal Inst. of Technology); Diplome d`Ingenieur; Diplome d`Architecte; Maître de Dessin; Upper Secondary Teacher Credentials; Doktorat awarded as first degree.
Masters Equiv: Master’s Pre-2005: Doctorate
Minimum GPA: Very Good, 70%
A Minus GPA: 80% on undergraduate scale, 85% on graduate scale
B Plus GPA: 75% on undergraduate scale, 80% on graduate scale
Bachelors Equiv: Licence, Bachelor's (both requiring 4 years of study)
Minimum GPA: 73/100
A Minus GPA: 80/100
B Plus GPA: 77/100
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s degree (學士學位) requiring four years of study
Masters Equiv: Master`s degree (碩士學位)
Bachelors Equiv: Bakalavr (Bachelor`s Degree; requiring at least 4 years of study), Diploma of Specialist
Masters Equiv: Magistre (Master); *Specialist Diploma
Minimum GPA: Upper Second Class, 3.5/5
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s (Honours)requiring at least four years of study
Minimum GPA: 3.0 – Good
B Plus GPA: 3.5 – Very Good
Bachelors Equiv: *Maitrise, **Diplome d`Ingenieur; requiring at least four years of study
Masters Equiv: Diplome d`Etudes superieures specialisees (DESS), Diplome d`Etudes approfondies (DEA), Doctorat de Specialite, Doctorat
Minimum GPA: 4 on a reverse 9 point scale – highly satisfactory
B Plus GPA: 3 on a reverse 9 point scale – good
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s degree

Trinidad and Tobago

Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s (Honours), requiring four years of study
Bachelors Equiv: Licence; Diplome d`Ingenieur; Maitrise; (all requiring 4 years of study)
Masters Equiv: Mastere, Diplome d`Etudes superieures specialisees (DESS)
Minimum GPA: Iyi or 3.0/4
Bachelors Equiv: Lisans Diplomasi (Bachelor`s), Muhendislik Diplomasi (Bachelor of Engineering)
Masters Equiv: Yüksek Lisans Diplomasi (Master`s)

Turkmenistan

Minimum GPA: 4/5 or Good standing
Bachelors Equiv: Specialist Diploma
Masters Equiv: Kandidat Nauk
Minimum GPA: 2nd Class Upper Div.
Bachelors Equiv: Honours Bachelor`s requiring at least four years of study
Minimum GPA: 4/5 | Good Standing | 8/12 (post-2000)
B Plus GPA: 4.3/5 | 9/12 (post-2000)
Bachelors Equiv: Bakalavr (Bachelor`s Degree; requiring at least 4 years of study or 240 ECTS if Bologna compliant), Diploma of Specialist, Magistr (pre-2005).
Masters Equiv: Magistr (post-2005), Kandidat Nauk, Doktor Nauk.

United Arab Emirates

Minimum GPA: 82/100; 3/4
A Minus GPA: 90/100; 3.7/4
B Plus GPA: 85/100; 3.5/4
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s; normally requiring at least 4 years of study

United Kingdom

Minimum GPA: 2nd Class Hons. Upper Division or above 60%; Master`s (Merit); 2:1
B Plus GPA: 2nd Class Hons. Upper Division or above 65%; Master`s (Merit); 2:1
Bachelors Equiv: Honours Bachelor`s*
Masters Equiv: Master`s**

United States

Minimum GPA: 8/12
B Plus GPA: 9/12
Bachelors Equiv: *Licenciatura(Licenciado); Professional Title (e.g., Ingeniero); requires at least 4 years of study
Bachelors Equiv: Bakalavr (Bachelor) requiring 4 years of study; Specialist Diploma
Minimum GPA: 7/9 or 15/20 or 4/5
B Plus GPA: 7.5/9 or 16/20 or 4.3/5
Bachelors Equiv: Licentiatura or professional title requiring four years of study
Masters Equiv: Magister/Maestria
B Plus GPA: 7.7/10
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s Degree (Bằng Tốt Nghiệp Đại Học / Bằng cử nhân) requiring at least 4 years of study from a recognized degree granting institution.
Masters Equiv: Master`s Degree (Bằng Thạc sĩ) from a recognized degree granting institution.

West Indies

Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s; requires at least 4 years of study
Minimum GPA: Degree with at least Pass with "Merit"
Bachelors Equiv: Bachelor`s; requiring a minimum of 4 years of study
Minimum GPA: 2nd Class Hons. Upper Division
Masters Equiv: Master`s, M.Phil.

Department of Physics
Graduate Program
Current Students
Graduate Course Enrolment FAQ

Grading of Graduate Courses

Grading standards of graduate courses.

Letter grades are to be used in all final reporting for Graduate courses. The equivalence of these letter grades with numerical grades is indicated above. Whereas a minimum passing grade for an undergraduate in a course is a D, the minimum passing grade for a graduate student is 'B-'(=good=70%). It is not intended that marks should be awarded more liberally to graduate students than to undergraduates; rather, a higher level of performance is considered adequate mastery of the course material for a graduate student.

GPA calculations (for internal purposes)

In order to proceed past the first year in the graduate program (either to transfer from the MSc to the PhD Physics, or to re-register after the first year of the direct-entry PhD), an average grade of at least B+ must be earned in coursework. This is calculated using the 9-point scale given above (A+=9, B-=4, FZ=0) and includes only lecture courses . The above-B+ threshold is an average of 6.0 or higher.

Lecture courses

It is recommended that the grading scheme for graduate PHY courses be based on more than one component: research has shown that the validity and reliability of grades show strong positive correlation with the number of contributing components. In the event that a significant fraction of the grade is based on a seminar or an oral examination, it is strongly recommended that the seminar be accompanied by a report written by the examiner and signed by the student. These reports need not be formal or comprehensive.

As early as possible in each course and no later than the last date to enrol in course, the instructor will make available to the class the methods by which student performance will be evaluated and the relative weights of these methods. After the methods of evaluation have been made known, the instructor may not change them or their relative weight without the consent of at least a simple majority of the students enrolled in the course. Commentary, appropriate in the instructor's judgement, on assessed work and time for discussion of it must be made available to the student.

Research courses - PHY60x1Y

MSc and PhD direct-entry candidates register in a 60x1Y-series Research Course in their first year of graduate study. Grades for Research Courses are based on an evaluation of the student's ability to perform research and to produce effective results appropriate to the stage of postgraduate studies reached. Included in this evaluation are such things as the student's common-sense, technical competence, industry and maturity of judgement, the organisations and quality of the research design, care in data-taking procedures, measurement and calculations, careful attention to the estimation of errors and biases, the ability to work independently and to take initiative, evidence of creativity and imagination, and, especially in the senior postgraduate years, evidence of originality. The grade is provided by the supervisor based on the observation of the student's work.

Grades for these courses are due by 10 May (for MSc Option II) and 10 September (for MSc Option I and PhD direct-entry).

Report courses - PHY3400Y

The Report Course (PHY 3400Y) is taken by students in the MSc (options I and II) programme and consists of a written report of research performed in the MSc year. It should be completed within three terms of full-time graduate study, and be brought to a point where the quality of the research is demonstrable and the candidate's ability to carry out independent research can be evaluated.

A report need not meet archival standards, being a document internal to the Department of Physics. The grade for the report will be assigned on the basis of the following criteria: clarity and correctness of language, organization of the material, thoroughness of the investigation, attention to biases and error analysis (where appropriate), evidence of the candidate's independent contribution, and maturity of scientific judgement. For many students the report course would be the first serious research experience. The supervisor should guide the student first and foremost in the scientific research aspects and also help in organising structure and linguistic aspects of the report at the initial draft stage.

For MSc Option-I students, the report is to be a written account of an agreed minor research topic or literature survey carried out with the advice of a research supervisor. It is not expected to involve extensive calculations or the building of any new experimental equipment. The Option-I MSc report is expected to be roughly 6,000 words, and should be submitted to the Graduate Office before the end of the third week of August (or whichever is the 12th month of enrolment). It is considered to constitute the same workload as two full courses, with one full-course grade being assigned by the supervisor for the supporting research as the Research Course (PHY60x1Y) grade, and one full-course grade being assigned by an independent Faculty assessor for the MSc report, which is listed as PHY3400Y on the candidate’s transcript.

For MSc Option-II students, the report describes research that addresses a significant scientific question, but need not involve extensive calculation or the construction of any new piece of experimental equipment. The Option-II MSc report is expected to be roughly 12,000 words, and should be submitted to the Graduate Office before the end of the third week of August (or whichever is the 12th month of enrolment). It is considered to constitute the same workload as three full courses, with one full-course grade being assigned by the supervisor for the supporting research as the Research Course (PHY60x1Y) grade; one full-course for the written report, which appears as PHY3400Y on the candidate’s transcript; and one full-course grade for the Seminar Course (PHY700xY, which consists of the oral presentation and defence of the report, see below). Marks for PHY3400Y and PHY700xY are assigned by the MSc Oral Examination Committee which consists of two Faculty Assessors, appointed by the Department, and the the supervisor as the chair and non-voting member of the Committee.

Seminar courses - PHY700xY

MSc Option-II students enrol in the seminar course (PHY700xY) appropriate to their area of research. The grade for this course is provided by Faculty Assessors on the basis of the student's ability to orally present and defend the results of the Research Project at the MSc Oral Examination. The Seminar Course will be graded on the basis of the candidate's ability to give a clear, concise, and well organized oral presentation of the research performed, and to answer promptly and correctly questions posed by the examination committee on points raised or related to the presentation and the written report.

Submission procedures

Course grades are due in the Graduate Office as follows: F courses: 10 January S and Y courses: 10 May L courses: 10 May

A mark in a course is not final until it has been submitted to the Graduate Office and reviewed by the Associate Chair for Graduate Studies for anomalies.

Should a dispute over a grade not be resolved in discussion with the examiner(s) and with the Associate Chair for Graduate Studies, the student may then make a formal appeal in writing to the Chair of the Graduate Department Academic Appeals Committee (GDAAC) .

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Online resource for A & S students

Home > My School Work > Grades > What do my grades mean?

What do my grades mean?

Letter grades, GPAs, percentages – there are so many ways to track how you are doing in your classes.

In your courses, you will be given a numerical mark between 0 and 100 based on your assignments, tests and exams. These are your official marks for that course.

Your final percentage mark in each course will appear on your transcript along with the equivalent letter grade, unless you have declared the course Credit/No Credit.

To see how your final mark in a course translates into a letter grade and an equivalent grade point value, see the table below.

Your Grade Point Average (GPA) indicates the range in which your official mark falls. For example, you will receive a 4.0 GPA for a course if your mark falls between 85 and 100. You can check your GPA in ACORN or use the GPA Calculator .

Excellent: Strong evidence of original thinking; good organization; capacity to analyze and synthesize; superior grasp of subject matter with sound critical evaluations; evidence of extensive knowledge base.
Good: Evidence of grasp of subject matter, some evidence of critical capacity and analytic ability; reasonable understanding of relevant issues; evidence of familiarity with literature.
Adequate: Student who is profiting from his/her university experience; understanding of the subject matter; ability to develop solutions to simple problems in the material.
Marginal: Some evidence of familiarity with subject matter and some evidence that critical and analytic skills have been developed.
Inadequate: Little evidence of even superficial understanding of subject matter; weakness in critical and analytic skills; with limited or irrelevant use of literature.

Cumulative GPA

Your Cumulative GPA (CGPA) is the weighted average of all your GPAs . The CGPA is used to assess your academic standing or calculate if you made the Dean’s List.

Your GPA and CGPA are also important if you are considering grad school or if you are applying to universities in other countries.

Cumulative GPA 3.50 – 4.00: Graduate With High distinction
Cumulative GPA 3.20 – 3.49: Graduate With Distinction
Cumulative GPA 1.85: Minimum CGPA to graduate
Cumulative GPA 1.50 – 1.84: If you meet all the other requirements to graduate except the GPA requirement, and your GPA is between 1.50 and 1.84, you may be able to graduate.

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