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Research Paper Format – Types, Examples and Templates

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Research Paper Formats

The format of a research paper is essential for maintaining consistency, clarity, and readability, enabling readers to understand the research findings effectively. Different disciplines follow specific formats and citation styles, such as APA, MLA, Chicago, and IEEE. Knowing the requirements for each format ensures that researchers present their work in a professional and organized manner.

Why Research Paper Format is Important

Consistency : A standardized format ensures that each paper has a similar structure, making it easier for readers to locate information.
Credibility : Following a professional format enhances the credibility of the work, making it look polished and reliable.
Guidelines for Citations : Proper format helps in organizing references and citing sources accurately, which is crucial for avoiding plagiarism.
Reader Comprehension : An organized format improves readability, enabling readers to follow the research arguments and findings effortlessly.

Types of Research Paper Formats

1. apa format (american psychological association).

Discipline : Commonly used in social sciences, psychology, education, and business.
Title Page : Includes title, author’s name, affiliation, course, instructor, and date.
Abstract : A brief summary of the research, usually around 150-250 words.
Main Body : Contains sections such as introduction, method, results, discussion, and conclusion.
References : Lists all sources cited in the paper in APA style.
Double-spaced, Times New Roman 12-point font.
One-inch margins on all sides.
In-text citations include author’s last name and year (e.g., Smith, 2020).

2. MLA Format (Modern Language Association)

Discipline : Commonly used in humanities, literature, and cultural studies.
Header : Author’s name, instructor’s name, course, and date.
Title : Centered on the first page, no separate title page required.
Main Body : Sections for introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion.
Works Cited : Lists all references in MLA style.
One-inch margins, with in-text citations including the author’s last name and page number (e.g., Smith 45).

3. Chicago Format (Chicago Manual of Style)

Discipline : Used in history, business, fine arts, and sometimes social sciences.
Title Page : Includes the title, author’s name, and institutional affiliation.
Abstract (Optional) : Brief summary, sometimes included depending on requirements.
Main Body : Includes introduction, main sections, and conclusion.
Footnotes/Endnotes : Citations are either in the form of footnotes or endnotes.
Bibliography : Lists all sources in Chicago style.
One-inch margins, with footnotes or endnotes for in-text citations.

4. IEEE Format (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)

Discipline : Primarily used in engineering, computer science, and technical fields.
Title Page : Includes title, author’s name, affiliations, and acknowledgment.
Abstract : Brief summary, typically 100-150 words.
Main Body : Sections such as introduction, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion.
References : Numbered list of references, with citations in brackets (e.g., [1], [2]).
Double-column layout, single-spaced, Times New Roman 10-point font.
One-inch margins, with citations indicated by numbers in brackets within the text.

5. Harvard Format

Discipline : Widely used in academic publications, particularly in the UK.
Title Page : Title, author’s name, date, and affiliation.
Abstract : Summary of the research.
Main Body : Sections such as introduction, literature review, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion.
References : Alphabetized list in Harvard style.
One-inch margins, with in-text citations including the author’s last name, year, and page number if applicable (e.g., Smith, 2020).

General Template for Research Paper

Here is a general template applicable across various formats, especially useful if a specific format isn’t required. Researchers can adjust sections based on the format style guide they need to follow.

Paper Title
Author’s Name(s)
Institutional Affiliation
Brief summary of the research, key findings, and significance.
Typically 150-250 words.
Background of the study and research questions.
Purpose and significance of the research.
Summary of existing research relevant to the topic.
Identification of gaps in the literature.
Detailed explanation of research methods and procedures.
Description of sample, data collection, and analysis techniques.
Presentation of findings, often with tables, charts, or graphs.
Clear and objective reporting of data.
Interpretation of findings.
Comparison with other studies, implications, and potential limitations.
Summary of the research and its contributions.
Suggestions for future research.
Complete list of all sources cited in the paper.
Follow the specific citation style format (APA, MLA, etc.).
Appendices (if required)
Additional information, data, or materials relevant to the study but not included in the main text.

Tips for Formatting a Research Paper

Check Formatting Guidelines : Each journal or institution may have specific requirements, so always refer to the official guidelines.
Use Consistent Citations : Ensure all in-text citations and references follow the same format, matching the required style.
Use Headings and Subheadings : Organize sections with clear headings to improve readability and structure.
Proofread for Formatting Errors : Small formatting errors can detract from the professionalism of the paper, so carefully review layout and style.
Use Templates in Word Processors : Many word processors offer built-in templates for APA, MLA, and other styles, helping streamline the formatting process.

Example of Research Paper Formatting in APA

Title Page Impact of Social Media on Adolescent Mental Health Author Name University Name Course Name, Instructor Name Date

Abstract This study explores the impact of social media use on adolescent mental health, focusing on levels of anxiety and depression. Data were collected from high school students through a survey. Results suggest a positive correlation between social media use and anxiety, highlighting the need for guidelines on healthy social media habits. (Word count: 150)

Main Body Introduction Discusses the background of social media’s popularity and its psychological effects on teenagers.

Methodology Details the survey process, sample selection, and data analysis techniques.

Results Presents survey findings on the levels of anxiety and depression associated with social media usage.

Discussion Interprets findings in light of previous research and discusses potential implications.

Conclusion Summarizes the key findings, suggesting areas for future study.

References Lists all references in APA format, alphabetically by author.

A research paper’s format is essential for presenting information clearly and professionally. By following specific guidelines, such as APA, MLA, or IEEE, researchers ensure that their work is accessible and credible. Using templates and formatting tips, researchers can structure their papers effectively, improving readability and impact.

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). American Psychological Association.
Gibaldi, J. (2016). MLA Handbook (8th ed.). Modern Language Association of America.
University of Chicago Press. (2017). The Chicago Manual of Style (17th ed.). University of Chicago Press.
IEEE Standards Association. (2020). IEEE Citation Reference . IEEE.
Pears, R., & Shields, G. (2019). Cite Them Right: The Essential Referencing Guide . Red Globe Press.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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APA Sample Paper

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Note: The APA Publication Manual, 7 th Edition specifies different formatting conventions for student and professional papers (i.e., papers written for credit in a course and papers intended for scholarly publication). These differences mostly extend to the title page and running head. Crucially, citation practices do not differ between the two styles of paper.

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Note: For accessibility purposes, we have used "Track Changes" to make comments along the margins of these samples. Those authored by [AF] denote explanations of formatting and [AWC] denote directions for writing and citing in APA 7.

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