need of defining research problem

• Privacy Policy

Home » Research Problem – Examples, Types and Guide

Research Problem – Examples, Types and Guide

Table of Contents

A research problem is the starting point of any study, as it defines the issue or challenge that the research intends to address. Clearly articulating a research problem is essential because it shapes the direction of the study, influencing research design, methodology, and analysis. This guide explores what a research problem is, the types of research problems, and how to develop one with clear examples to aid in understanding.

Research Problem

A research problem is a specific issue, difficulty, or gap in knowledge that prompts the need for investigation. It reflects the purpose of the research and the questions that the study aims to answer. Without a clear research problem, it is difficult to determine the scope, goals, and relevance of the research.

For example, in social sciences, a research problem might involve understanding factors that influence student motivation. In business, it could involve identifying reasons behind declining customer satisfaction.

Why is a Research Problem Important?

The research problem is the foundation of the research process because it:

• Defines the Study’s Purpose : It helps clarify what the research is trying to achieve.
• Guides the Research Design : It determines which methodologies and data collection techniques are suitable.
• Provides Focus and Direction : It prevents the study from being overly broad or unfocused.
• Establishes Relevance : A well-defined problem highlights the research’s significance and its contribution to knowledge.

Types of Research Problems

• Example : What are the psychological factors influencing digital addiction among young adults?
• Example : How can customer service training improve client retention in the hospitality industry?
• Example : How do rural and urban educational outcomes compare in terms of student performance?
• Example : What are the emerging behaviors associated with the use of augmented reality in retail shopping?
• Example : What are the common characteristics of high-performing teams in technology companies?
• Example : What effect does daily exercise have on reducing stress levels among college students?

Steps to Formulate a Research Problem

• Identify a Broad Topic Area Start by choosing a general area of interest. This could be anything from mental health and marketing to technology or education. Focusing on a topic you’re passionate about can make the research process more engaging.
• Conduct Preliminary Research Conducting initial research helps you understand existing knowledge and identify gaps. Look at recent studies, articles, or reports in your field to find areas that need further exploration.
• Narrow Down the Topic A broad topic needs to be narrowed to a specific issue. Consider the aspects of the topic that interest you most or that have limited research available. Narrowing the focus prevents the study from being too general and enhances its depth.
• Identify the Problem Clearly define the problem or gap that the research aims to address. Frame it as a statement that indicates the issue, its context, and its importance.
• Formulate Research Questions Develop research questions that provide a basis for investigating the problem. Good research questions are specific, clear, and feasible, guiding the research process and helping focus data collection.
• Assess Feasibility Evaluate if the research problem is manageable given available resources, time, and access to data. Feasibility ensures that the study is achievable and practical within constraints.

Examples of Research Problems

Example 1 : In Education

• Problem : Declining student engagement in online learning environments.
• Research Question : What factors contribute to decreased engagement in online courses compared to in-person learning?

Example 2 : In Business

• Problem : High employee turnover in customer service departments.
• Research Question : How does job satisfaction impact turnover rates among customer service employees?

Example 3 : In Healthcare

• Problem : Rising obesity rates among children in urban areas.
• Research Question : What are the primary lifestyle factors contributing to obesity among urban children?

Example 4 : In Psychology

• Problem : Increased rates of social media addiction among teenagers.
• Research Question : What psychological factors lead to social media addiction in teenagers?

Example 5 : In Environmental Studies

• Problem : Rapid decline in pollinator populations affecting crop yields.
• Research Question : What impact does pesticide usage have on pollinator populations in agricultural areas?

Tips for Defining a Strong Research Problem

• Make It Specific : Clearly state the issue you intend to investigate. Avoid overly broad topics that are difficult to address.
• Identify Relevance : Choose a problem that has practical, theoretical, or social importance, demonstrating why the study matters.
• Align with Research Goals : Ensure that the problem aligns with the overall objectives of your research or field of study.
• Keep It Manageable : Be realistic about what you can accomplish within your time frame, resources, and skills.
• Consider Originality : Aim to address a gap in the current literature, focusing on issues that have not been explored in depth.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Overly Broad Problems : A vague or broad problem can make it difficult to formulate research questions or collect relevant data.
• Irrelevant or Trivial Problems : Choose a problem that has value and contributes meaningfully to your field of study.
• Unfeasible Problems : Ensure that your research problem is practical and can be addressed with available resources.
• Confusing the Problem with the Method : Define the issue clearly instead of describing the method. For example, “Using interviews to study…” is a method, not a problem.

A well-defined research problem is crucial to successful research. By selecting a relevant, specific, and feasible problem, researchers set a strong foundation for their study. Whether you are studying education, business, psychology, or any other field, understanding the types and examples of research problems can help you structure a clear and focused investigation. Defining the problem carefully and creating focused research questions ultimately guides the research process, making your work impactful and meaningful.

• Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches . Sage Publications.
• Maxwell, J. A. (2013). Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach . Sage Publications.
• Kumar, R. (2019). Research Methodology: A Step-by-Step Guide for Beginners . Sage Publications.
• Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019). Research Methods for Business Students . Pearson Education.
• Punch, K. F. (2014). Introduction to Social Research: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches . Sage Publications.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

You may also like

Evaluating Research – Process, Examples and...

Future Research – Thesis Guide

Research Report – Example, Writing Guide and...

Research Approach – Types Methods and Examples

Survey Instruments – List and Their Uses

Institutional Review Board – Application Sample...

How to Write a Research Problem: Types, Importance, and Example

• October 15, 2024

Dr. Marvin L. Smith

A research problem is the foundation of any research project . It identifies the specific issue or question the study aims to address.

Understanding the importance of a well-defined research problem is crucial for guiding the research process.

This article explores its characteristics, types, examples, and how to effectively write one, ensuring your research is focused and valuable.

Table of Contents

What is a research problem?

A research problem is a clear, concise statement that defines the issue or question your research aims to solve.

It helps guide the study by focusing on what needs to be investigated. Whether it’s understanding a phenomenon, exploring a relationship, or finding a cause, the research problem sets the direction of your project.

For example, a research problem might ask, “What are the factors contributing to air pollution in urban areas?”

It’s the essential starting point for any research effort.

Importance of research problem

The research problem is vital because it shapes the entire study. A well-defined problem ensures that your research stays focused, asking the right questions and seeking meaningful answers.

It helps avoid wasting time on irrelevant data and guides the research process toward clear, impactful conclusions.

Moreover, it makes your work valuable, as solving a relevant research problem can contribute to existing knowledge and offer solutions to real-world issues. Without a strong research problem, your project risks losing direction and purpose.

Characteristics of a research problem

A goodresearchproblem has several key characteristics:

• Clear : It is easy to understand, avoiding any vague or complex language.
• Focused : It addresses a specific issue rather than being too broad or general.
• Researchable : There is enough available data or methods to investigate and find answers.
• Relevant : It addresses a problem that matters to the field or community.
• Feasible : It can be realistically studied within time and resource constraints.

Example of a research problem

Here’s an example of a  research problem :

“Increasing levels of student stress are becoming a concern. What are the main factors contributing to high stress levels among high school students, and how do these factors affect academic performance?”

This research problem is clear, focused, and researchable, guiding the study to explore specific causes and impacts of stress in a defined group. It also addresses a relevant issue with potential solutions.

Ready to transform your writing experience?

Sign up for Blainy today and start writing your papers with confidence!

Types of research problems

Research problems come in different types, each tailored to address specific aspects of a subject.

Understanding the types of research problems can help guide the direction and purpose of a study.

Here’s a detailed look at the most common types:

1. Descriptive Problems

A descriptive problem focuses on providing a detailed account or explanation of a phenomenon or situation.

This type of research problem aims to describe what is happening without seeking to establish a relationship between variables. It answers the “what” and “how” questions about the current state of the subject.

Example : “What are the study habits of college students during finals week?”

This question aims to describe how students prepare for exams, focusing on the characteristics of their study routines without exploring why these habits exist or how they affect performance.

Purpose: Descriptive problems are ideal for studies that aim to document trends, behaviors, or characteristics of a particular group or situation. They provide valuable insights into the present conditions, forming the basis for further exploration.

2. Relational Problems

A relational problem investigates the connections between two or more variables.

It goes beyond mere description by exploring how different factors influence or interact with one another. This type of research problem answers the “how” and “why” of a relationship, looking to identify patterns or correlations.

Example: “Is there a relationship between social  media usage and anxiety levels in teenagers?”

This research problem seeks to understand if and how the amount of time teenagers spend on social media impacts their mental health, specifically anxiety levels.

Purpose: Relational problems are commonly used in research that aims to explore interactions or associations between variables. They help researchers understand how different factors influence each other, providing a foundation for studies that could later explore causality.

3. Causal Problems

A causal problem is designed to explore cause-and-effect relationships.

It seeks to identify what factors lead to or result in a specific outcome. 

This type of research problem addresses the “why” and “what causes” questions, looking for the underlying reasons behind a phenomenon.

Example: “What factors cause high school students to drop out before graduation?”

This question aims to discover the specific reasons that lead students to leave school early, such as economic issues, academic performance, or family problems.

Purpose: Causal problems are essential in research that seeks to establish why certain events or behaviors occur. By identifying cause-and-effect relationships, this type of research problem can suggest solutions or interventions to address the issue at hand.

How Each Type Serves a Purpose

Each of these types of research problems serves a different role in the research process:

• Descriptive problems provide a foundation by documenting and explaining the current state of a topic. This is often the starting point for many studies.
• Relational problems build on descriptive research by exploring the links between variables, helping to identify patterns that may inform future research.
• Causal problems aim to go a step further by identifying the root causes of a phenomenon, which is critical for developing interventions or solutions.

By choosing the right type of research problem, researchers can ensure their study is well-focused and designed to answer the questions that matter most. Each type provides a unique perspective on the subject, helping to uncover new knowledge and understanding.

How to write a research problem

Writing a research problem involves a structured approach to defining what your research will address.

Here’s a detailed guide with examples to help you through the process:

1. Identify a Broad Topic

Begin by selecting a general area that interests you. This helps set the foundation for narrowing down your focus.

For example, let’s say you’re interested in  climate change . This topic is vast, so your research problem will need to focus on a specific aspect of it.

Broad Topic: Climate change.

2. Narrow Down the Focus

Once you have your broad topic, narrow it down by focusing on a particular issue within that topic. You can do this by considering a specific group, region, or effect.

For example, instead of just “climate change,” you could narrow it to “how climate change is affecting agriculture in the Midwest.”

Narrowed Focus: Impact of climate change on agriculture in the Midwest.

3. Research Existing Literature

Now that you’ve identified a focused topic, review the existing literature. This helps you understand what has already been studied and identify gaps that your research can fill. Look for unanswered questions, conflicting findings, or areas that need further exploration.

You find that while many studies have explored climate change’s overall effects, few have specifically examined how it impacts  corn production in the Midwest.

4. Define the Problem

With the literature review in mind, define the specific issue your research will address. A well-written research problem should be clear, specific, and researchable.

Your problem statement should focus on one main issue or question.

Problem Statement: “How is climate change affecting corn production in the Midwest, and what are the contributing factors?”

5. Formulate Research Questions

Next, break down the research problem into smaller, specific questions that your research will answer. These questions help guide your study and make your research problem more manageable.

Research Questions:

• “What climate factors (temperature, rainfall, etc.) are most responsible for changes in corn production?”
• “How has the yield of corn in the Midwest changed over the last decade due to climate variability?”

6. Ensure It’s Researchable

Make sure your problem is researchable, meaning it can be investigated through data collection , experiments, or analysis. It’s important that you have access to the resources, tools, and data required to explore your problem.

You may find government agricultural records or climate data on corn yields in the Midwest, which will help you study this problem.

7. State the Significance

Explain why this problem matters. A good research problem is not just interesting but also significant. This step involves articulating how solving this problem will contribute to the field or solve real-world issues.

Significance: “Understanding the impact of climate change on corn production is crucial for food security and for farmers in the Midwest to adapt their farming practices.”

8. Revise and Refine

Lastly, review and refine your research problem to ensure it’s concise, focused, and clear. Avoid jargon and ensure that your problem can be easily understood by others in your field.

Final Research Problem Example:

“How has climate change affected corn production in the Midwest over the past decade, and what specific climate factors are most responsible for these changes?”

Example in Another Field: Education

• Broad Topic : Student performance
• Narrow Focus : Impact of classroom technology on student performance
• Literature Review : Studies show mixed results; some suggest technology improves learning, while others show no impact.
• Problem Statement : “How does the use of digital tools in classrooms affect high school students’ performance in math?”
• “Which digital tools are most effective in enhancing math performance?”
• “How do students with access to technology perform compared to those without it?”
• Ensure Researchable : Access to performance records, surveys, and studies on technology use.
• Significance : “This study will help educators understand the role of technology in improving student outcomes, helping schools invest in the right tools.”
• Revise : The final problem is focused, researchable, and important.

By following these detailed steps, you can develop a research problem that is specific, researchable, and impactful, setting the foundation for a successful research project.

A well-defined research problem is essential for guiding research efforts and ensuring that the study stays focused and relevant. It serves as the foundation for asking the right questions and finding meaningful answers. Understanding its importance, characteristics, and types allows researchers to approach their topics with clarity, setting the stage for a successful and impactful project.

About the Author:

Leave a comment cancel reply.

You must be logged in to post a comment.

How to Fix and Prevent Run-on Sentences

Research Gaps: How to Identify, Types, and Examples Explained

Is Using ChatGPT Cheating?

Blainy vs. ChatGPT

FANBOYS: Coordinating Conjunctions

Research Findings Guide: Examples, Types, and Structuring Tips

Academic writing made brilliantly simple, always.

Limited time offers 🎁🎉.

Black Friday Sale

Cyber Monday Sale

Discover More

50+ Free AI Tools 

Feature Updates

✉ [email protected]

✆ +971 50 760 0820

📍190 Hackett Inlet, Eastern Region, Dubai, UAE.

Terms & Condition

Privacy Policy

Copyright © 2024 Blainy

The Best PhD and Masters Consulting Company

The Importance of a Well-Defined Research Problem. 

In the labyrinthine world of academic research, a well-defined research problem serves as the North Star, guiding scholars and scientists on their intellectual voyages of discovery. It is the compass that steers research endeavors toward meaningful, impactful, and enlightening destinations. In this comprehensive blog, we will delve into the paramount significance of a well-defined research problem and explore why it stands as the bedrock of all scholarly pursuits.

The Essence of a Well-Defined Research Problem.

A well-defined research problem is more than just a question; it is a gateway to understanding, a key to unlocking the mysteries of the universe, and a catalyst for innovation. Here’s why it is so crucial:

1. Precision and Focus.

A research problem carves a path through the dense forest of potential research areas. It provides clarity and precision, helping researchers channel their efforts effectively. Without a well-defined problem, research can drift aimlessly, leading to inconclusive results or even dead ends.

2. Relevance and Significance.

An effective research problem doesn’t exist in a vacuum; it addresses real-world issues and concerns. It tackles questions or challenges that are pertinent to a specific field or even society at large. This relevance is what makes research meaningful and impactful.

3. Structured Research.

Think of a research problem as the blueprint for your research journey. It dictates the structure and organization of your study, determining what literature to review, which methodologies to employ, and how data should be analyzed. Without this foundation, research can become disjointed and chaotic.

4. Knowledge Advancement.

At its core, research aims to expand the boundaries of human knowledge. A well-defined problem encapsulates the gap in existing knowledge, highlighting precisely what needs to be explored or understood. This, in turn, propels the collective intellect forward.

5. Practical Application.

Many research problems have direct implications for practical applications. Whether it’s developing new medical treatments, optimizing renewable energy sources, or improving educational techniques, research problems lay the groundwork for solutions that can benefit society.

Formulating a Well-Defined Research Problem.

Creating a well-defined research problem is both an art and a science. It requires a thoughtful and systematic approach:

1. Choose Your Field.

Begin by selecting the academic field or domain you are passionate about. Your research problem should align with your interests and expertise.

2. Extensive Literature Review.

A thorough literature review is paramount. It helps you understand what has already been explored, what questions remain unanswered, and where the gaps in knowledge lie.

3. Identify the Gap.

Based on your literature review, pinpoint the specific gap or issue you want to investigate. Your research problem should be a concise, focused statement that encapsulates this gap.

4. Set Clear Objectives.

Define the objectives or goals of your research. What do you intend to achieve by addressing this problem? What are the expected outcomes?

5. Scope and Feasibility.

Determine the scope of your research and assess its feasibility. Ensure that your research problem can be tackled within the constraints of time, resources, and ethical considerations.

6. Seek Feedback.

Don’t hesitate to consult with mentors, peers, or experts in your field. Their input can help refine and validate your research problem.

The Ripple Effect of Well-Defined Research Problems.

A well-defined research problem has a far-reaching impact that extends beyond the confines of academia:

1. Scientific Progress.

Research problems are the driving force behind scientific advancements. They encourage researchers to push boundaries, challenge established theories, and pioneer new paradigms.

2. Technological Innovation.

Many of the technological marvels that shape our world today emerged from research endeavors aimed at solving specific problems. From the internet to medical breakthroughs, research problems drive innovation.

3. Societal Transformation.

Research that addresses pressing social, economic, or environmental issues can catalyze profound societal transformations. It can inform policies, drive advocacy, and empower communities.

4. Intellectual Growth.

Engaging with research problems fosters intellectual growth. It nurtures critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and a deeper understanding of the world.

Conclusion.

In the grand tapestry of human knowledge, a well-defined research problem is the warp and weft that weave together insights, discoveries, and innovations. It is the crucible in which curiosity transforms into wisdom, and the spark that ignites the fires of progress. Whether you are a researcher embarking on a new project or a curious mind seeking to understand the world, always remember that a well-defined research problem is your compass, your guide, and your ticket to the frontiers of knowledge.

Leave a Comment Cancel Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.

What is Research Problem? Components, Identifying, Formulating,

• Post last modified: 13 August 2023
• Reading time: 10 mins read
• Post category: Research Methodology

What is Research Problem?

A research problem refers to an area or issue that requires investigation, analysis, and resolution through a systematic and scientific approach. It is a specific question, gap, or challenge within a particular field of study that researchers aim to address through their research endeavors.

Table of Content

• 1 What is Research Problem?
• 2 Concept of a Research Problem
• 3 Need to Define a Research Problem
• 4 Conditions and Components of a Research Problem
• 5 Identifying a Research Problem
• 6 Formulating a Research Problem

Concept of a Research Problem

The first step in any research project is to identify the problem. When we specifically talk about research related to a business organisation, the first step is to identify the problem that is being faced by the concerned organisation. The researchers need to develop a concrete, unambiguous and easily comprehensible definition of the problem that requires research.

If the research problem is not well-defined, the research project may be affected. You may also consider defining research problem and carrying out literature review as the foundation on which the entire research process is based.

In general, a research problem refers to a problem that a researcher has witnessed or experienced in a theoretical or real-life situation and wants to develop a solution for the same. The research problem is only a problem statement and it does not describe how to do something. It must be remembered that a research problem is always related to some kind of management dilemma

Need to Define a Research Problem

The researchers must clearly define or formulate the research problem in order to represent a clear picture of what they wish to achieve through their research. When a researcher starts off his research with a well-formulated research problem, it becomes easier to carry out the research.

Some of the major reasons for which a research problem must be defined are:

• Select useful information for research
• Segregate useful information from irrelevant information
• Monitor the research progress
• Ensure research is centred around a problem
• What data should be collected?
• What data attributes are relevant and need to be analysed?
• What relationships should be investigated?
• Determine the structure of the study
• Ensure that the research is centred around the research problem only

Defining a research problem well helps the decision makers in getting good research results if right questions are asked. On the contrary, correct answer to a wrong question will lead to bad research results.

Conditions and Components of a Research Problem

Conditions necessary for the existence of a research problem are:

• Existence of a problem whose solution is not known currently
• Existence of an individual, group or organisation to which the given problem can be attributed
• Existence of at least two alternative courses of action that can be pursued by a researcher
• At least two feasible outcomes of the course of action and out of two outcomes, one outcome should be more preferable to the other

A research problem consists of certain specific components as follows:

• Manager/Decision-maker (individual/group/institution) and his/ her objectives The individual, group or an institution is the one who is facing the problem. At times, the different individuals or groups related to a problem do not agree with the problem statement as their objectives differ from one another. The decision makers must agree on a concrete and clearly worded problem statemen.
• Environment or context of the problem
• Nature of the problem
• Alternative courses of problem
• A set of consequences related to courses of action and the occurrence of events that are not under the control of the manager/decision maker
• A state of uncertainty for which a course of action is best

Identifying a Research Problem

Identifying a research problem is an important and time-consuming activity. Research problem identification involves understanding the given social problem that needs to be investigated in order to solve it. In most cases, the researchers usually identify a research problem by using their observation, knowledge, wisdom and skills. Identifying a research problem can be as simple as recognising the difficulties and problems in your workplace.

Certain other factors that are considered while identifying a research problem include:

• Potential research problems raised at the end of journal articles
• Large-scale reports and data records in the field may disclose the findings or facts based on data that require further investigation
• Personal interest of the researcher
• Knowledge and competence of the researcher
• Availability of resources such as large-scale data collection, time and finance
• Relative importance of different problems
• Practical utility of finding answers to a problem
• Data availability for a problem

Formulating a Research Problem

Formulating a research problem is usually done under the first step of research process, i.e., defining the research problem. Identification, clarification and formulation of a research problem is done using different steps as:

• Discover the Management Dilemma
• Define the Management Question
• Define the Research Question
• Refine the Research Question(s)

You have already studied why it is important to clarify a research question. The next step is to discover the management dilemma. The entire research process starts with a management dilemma. For instance, an organisation facing increasing number of customer complaints may want to carry out research.

At most times, the researchers state the management dilemma followed by developing questions which are then broken down into specific set of questions. Management dilemma, in most cases, is a symptom of the actual problem being faced by an organisation.

A few examples of management dilemma are low turnover, high attrition, high product defect rate, low quality, increasing costs, decreasing profits, low employee morale, high absenteeism, flexibility and remote work issues, use of technology, increasing market share of a competitor, decline in plant/production capacity, distribution of profit between dividends and retained earnings, etc.

If an organisation tracks its performance indicators on a regular basis, it is quite easy to identify the management dilemma. Now, the difficult task for a researcher to choose a particular management dilemma among the given set of management dilemmas.

Business Ethics

( Click on Topic to Read )

• What is Ethics?
• What is Business Ethics?
• Values, Norms, Beliefs and Standards in Business Ethics
• Indian Ethos in Management
• Ethical Issues in Marketing
• Ethical Issues in HRM
• Ethical Issues in IT
• Ethical Issues in Production and Operations Management
• Ethical Issues in Finance and Accounting
• What is Corporate Governance?
• What is Ownership Concentration?
• What is Ownership Composition?
• Types of Companies in India
• Internal Corporate Governance
• External Corporate Governance
• Corporate Governance in India
• What is Enterprise Risk Management (ERM)?
• What is Assessment of Risk?
• What is Risk Register?
• Risk Management Committee

Corporate social responsibility (CSR)

• Theories of CSR
• Arguments Against CSR
• Business Case for CSR
• Importance of CSR in India
• Drivers of Corporate Social Responsibility
• Developing a CSR Strategy
• Implement CSR Commitments
• CSR Marketplace
• CSR at Workplace
• Environmental CSR
• CSR with Communities and in Supply Chain
• Community Interventions
• CSR Monitoring
• CSR Reporting
• Voluntary Codes in CSR
• What is Corporate Ethics?

Lean Six Sigma

• What is Six Sigma?
• What is Lean Six Sigma?
• Value and Waste in Lean Six Sigma
• Six Sigma Team
• MAIC Six Sigma
• Six Sigma in Supply Chains
• What is Binomial, Poisson, Normal Distribution?
• What is Sigma Level?
• What is DMAIC in Six Sigma?
• What is DMADV in Six Sigma?
• Six Sigma Project Charter
• Project Decomposition in Six Sigma
• Critical to Quality (CTQ) Six Sigma
• Process Mapping Six Sigma
• Flowchart and SIPOC
• Gage Repeatability and Reproducibility
• Statistical Diagram
• Lean Techniques for Optimisation Flow
• Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
• What is Process Audits?
• Six Sigma Implementation at Ford
• IBM Uses Six Sigma to Drive Behaviour Change
• Research Methodology
• What is Research?

What is Hypothesis?

• Sampling Method

Research Methods

• Data Collection in Research

Methods of Collecting Data

• Application of Business Research
• Levels of Measurement
• What is Sampling?
• Hypothesis Testing
• Research Report
• What is Management?
• Planning in Management
• Decision Making in Management
• What is Controlling?
• What is Coordination?
• What is Staffing?
• Organization Structure
• What is Departmentation?
• Span of Control
• What is Authority?
• Centralization vs Decentralization
• Organizing in Management
• Schools of Management Thought
• Classical Management Approach
• Is Management an Art or Science?
• Who is a Manager?

Operations Research

• What is Operations Research?
• Operation Research Models
• Linear Programming
• Linear Programming Graphic Solution
• Linear Programming Simplex Method
• Linear Programming Artificial Variable Technique
• Duality in Linear Programming
• Transportation Problem Initial Basic Feasible Solution
• Transportation Problem Finding Optimal Solution
• Project Network Analysis with Critical Path Method
• Project Network Analysis Methods
• Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)
• Simulation in Operation Research
• Replacement Models in Operation Research

Operation Management

• What is Strategy?
• What is Operations Strategy?
• Operations Competitive Dimensions
• Operations Strategy Formulation Process
• What is Strategic Fit?
• Strategic Design Process
• Focused Operations Strategy
• Corporate Level Strategy
• Expansion Strategies
• Stability Strategies
• Retrenchment Strategies
• Competitive Advantage
• Strategic Choice and Strategic Alternatives
• What is Production Process?
• What is Process Technology?
• What is Process Improvement?
• Strategic Capacity Management
• Production and Logistics Strategy
• Taxonomy of Supply Chain Strategies
• Factors Considered in Supply Chain Planning
• Operational and Strategic Issues in Global Logistics
• Logistics Outsourcing Strategy
• What is Supply Chain Mapping?
• Supply Chain Process Restructuring
• Points of Differentiation
• Re-engineering Improvement in SCM
• What is Supply Chain Drivers?
• Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) Model
• Customer Service and Cost Trade Off
• Internal and External Performance Measures
• Linking Supply Chain and Business Performance
• Netflix’s Niche Focused Strategy
• Disney and Pixar Merger
• Process Planning at Mcdonald’s

Service Operations Management

• What is Service?
• What is Service Operations Management?
• What is Service Design?
• Service Design Process
• Service Delivery
• What is Service Quality?
• Gap Model of Service Quality
• Juran Trilogy
• Service Performance Measurement
• Service Decoupling
• IT Service Operation
• Service Operations Management in Different Sector

Procurement Management

• What is Procurement Management?
• Procurement Negotiation
• Types of Requisition
• RFX in Procurement
• What is Purchasing Cycle?
• Vendor Managed Inventory
• Internal Conflict During Purchasing Operation
• Spend Analysis in Procurement
• Sourcing in Procurement
• Supplier Evaluation and Selection in Procurement
• Blacklisting of Suppliers in Procurement
• Total Cost of Ownership in Procurement
• Incoterms in Procurement
• Documents Used in International Procurement
• Transportation and Logistics Strategy
• What is Capital Equipment?
• Procurement Process of Capital Equipment
• Acquisition of Technology in Procurement
• What is E-Procurement?
• E-marketplace and Online Catalogues
• Fixed Price and Cost Reimbursement Contracts
• Contract Cancellation in Procurement
• Ethics in Procurement
• Legal Aspects of Procurement
• Global Sourcing in Procurement
• Intermediaries and Countertrade in Procurement

Strategic Management

• What is Strategic Management?
• What is Value Chain Analysis?
• Mission Statement
• Business Level Strategy
• What is SWOT Analysis?
• What is Competitive Advantage?
• What is Vision?
• What is Ansoff Matrix?
• Prahalad and Gary Hammel
• Strategic Management In Global Environment
• Competitor Analysis Framework
• Competitive Rivalry Analysis
• Competitive Dynamics
• What is Competitive Rivalry?
• Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy
• What is PESTLE Analysis?
• Fragmentation and Consolidation Of Industries
• What is Technology Life Cycle?
• What is Diversification Strategy?
• What is Corporate Restructuring Strategy?
• Resources and Capabilities of Organization
• Role of Leaders In Functional-Level Strategic Management
• Functional Structure In Functional Level Strategy Formulation
• Information And Control System
• What is Strategy Gap Analysis?
• Issues In Strategy Implementation
• Matrix Organizational Structure
• What is Strategic Management Process?

Supply Chain

• What is Supply Chain Management?
• Supply Chain Planning and Measuring Strategy Performance
• What is Warehousing?
• What is Packaging?
• What is Inventory Management?
• What is Material Handling?
• What is Order Picking?
• Receiving and Dispatch, Processes
• What is Warehouse Design?
• What is Warehousing Costs?

You Might Also Like

Data analysis in research, what is causal research advantages, disadvantages, how to perform, primary data and secondary data, what is measurement scales, types, criteria and developing measurement tools, cross-sectional and longitudinal research, what is parametric tests types: z-test, t-test, f-test, what is research types, purpose, characteristics, process, what is experiments variables, types, lab, field, what is questionnaire design characteristics, types, don’t, leave a reply cancel reply.

You must be logged in to post a comment.

World's Best Online Courses at One Place

We’ve spent the time in finding, so you can spend your time in learning

Digital Marketing

Personal growth.

Development

How to formulate research problems?

June 16, 2023 4 min read

One of the most important steps in the research process is formulating a research problem. It establishes the framework for the whole study and directs the researcher in determining the research’s emphasis, scope, and goals. An effective research technique may be created with the support of a clearly defined research topic, which also aids in the generation of pertinent research questions.

This article will provide a general overview of the procedure involved in defining research problems, highlighting important considerations and steps researchers should take to formulate precise and insightful research problems.

What is a research problem?

It refers to a specific topic, problem, or knowledge gap that a researcher aims to study and address through a systematic inquiry. It establishes the foundation for a research project and guides the entire investigation.

When creating a research problem, researchers often start with a topic of interest before focusing on a particular issue or question. A substantial, relevant, and original challenge adds to the corpus of knowledge and has real-world applications.

A clearly stated research topic aids in the concentration of research resources and efforts, permits the development of an effective research technique, and directs the evaluation and interpretation of data acquired. It also helps in developing research goals and hypotheses by giving the investigation a distinct direction.

For instance, a research problem could be “What are the causes leading to the decline of bee populations in urban areas?” — This study challenge addresses a particular set of urban regions and draws attention to the problem of dwindling bee numbers. By focusing on this issue, researchers may analyze the various reasons for the loss, analyze how it affects the environment, and suggest conservation tactics.

Characteristics of an effective research problem

An effective research problem possesses several essential qualities that enhance its quality and suitability for examination. The key characteristics of a strong research problem are:

Significance

Should address an important issue or knowledge gap in the field of study, contributing to the existing body of knowledge.

Should be precisely stated, avoiding vague or overly general statements and providing a clear and concise description. This clarity enables the definition of research objectives and hypotheses and guides the research process.

Feasibility

Should be feasible in terms of the available time, resources, and skills. It can be realistically pursued, given the researcher’s capabilities and study circumstances. Sufficient data, research tools, and potential exploration paths should be reasonably accessible.

Should explore new facets, angles, or dimensions of the subject, offering fresh perspectives or approaches. This characteristic promotes intellectual progress and distinguishes the research from previous investigations.

Measurability

Should be formulated in a way that allows for empirical examination and the generation of quantifiable results. Data can be systematically collected and analyzed to answer the research questions or achieve the research goals, enhancing the objectivity and rigor of the research process.

Relevance and applicability

Should address relevant issues or help develop useful guidelines, regulations, or actions. It is more effective when it impacts multiple stakeholders and has the potential to produce practical results.

Interest and motivation

Should be intellectually engaging and interesting to the researcher and the academic community. It sparks curiosity and encourages further research, leading to high-quality research output.

Ethical consideration

Should adhere to ethical principles and rules, considering the welfare and rights of participants or subjects involved in the study.

ALSO READ: What is research design?

Types of research problems.

Research problems can be categorized into different types based on their nature and scope. The three most common types are:

Theoretical

It involves using theoretical frameworks, concepts, and models to investigate a subject or event. Theoretical research aims to extend existing knowledge, address unsolved disputes or gaps, or critique and evaluate preexisting theories.

It focuses on specific problems or challenges within a particular industry or sector and aims to provide practical solutions through systematic research. Applied research aims to bridge the gap between theory and practical application, optimizing existing processes, technologies, products, or services.

Action research combines research and action to address real-world issues. It encompasses problem-solving in various contexts, such as organizations, education, community development, policy implementation, and personal or professional development. Action research is flexible and can be tailored to different situations and issues.

Importance of research problems

Research problems play a vital role in shaping the direction and course of an investigation. They serve as the foundation for the entire research process, guiding researchers in their pursuit of knowledge and advancement in a specific field. The importance of research problems lies in the following:

Identifying knowledge gaps

Research problems help identify areas where knowledge is lacking or incomplete, highlighting the need for further investigation and addressing unanswered questions.

Providing direction

A well-defined research problem gives the research project focus and direction. It aids in the development of an effective research design, technique and the establishment of research objectives and questions.

Justifying the study’s significance

A clear research problem helps researchers justify the value and importance of their study by emphasizing its relevance, potential benefits, and contributions to the field.

Facilitating problem-solving and decision-making

Research problems often stem from real-world challenges or problems. By examining these problems, researchers can develop innovative ideas, methods, or strategies to solve practical issues or guide decision-making.

Advancing theory and knowledge

Research problems serve as a basis for developing new concepts, hypotheses, or models. By addressing research challenges, researchers contribute to understanding a subject, debunk preexisting beliefs, or propose new hypotheses.

Promoting intellectual curiosity and innovation

Research problems encourage intellectual curiosity and innovation by pushing researchers to explore fresh perspectives and methodologies. By encouraging critical thinking, generating original ideas, and developing unique research approaches, research problems foster innovation and creativity.

ALSO READ: The basics of market research

5 steps to formulate research problems.

Formulating research problems is a crucial initial step in conducting purposeful and targeted research. Here are five steps to follow:

Identify the broad research area

Determine the broad subject or field that interests you, considering discipline-specific topics or specific phenomena.

Conduct a literature review

Review existing literature and research in your chosen field to understand the current knowledge level and identify gaps or unsolved issues and areas requiring further research. Read relevant scholarly publications, books, and articles to gain a comprehensive understanding.

Narrow down the focus

Based on the literature review, select a specific component or subject within your chosen research field. Look for inconsistencies, contradictions, or open-ended questions in the existing literature that can present challenges for future research. Refine your research topic and focus it on a single problem or phenomenon.

Define clear objectives

Establish clear and concise research objectives that outline your investigation’s specific aims or outcomes. SMART (specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and time-bound) objectives help maintain focus and guide the research process effectively.

Formulate research questions

Create distinct research questions or hypotheses that align with your research problem and objectives. Qualitative research often utilizes research questions, while quantitative research employs hypotheses. Ensure these inquiries or hypotheses are precise, concise, and aimed at addressing the stated research problem.

Remember that formulating research problems is an iterative process. As you learn more about the topic and develop new ideas, it can need several changes and improvements. You may establish a solid basis for your study and improve your chances of performing fruitful and influential research by adhering to these recommendations and continually improving your research problem.

Researchers can create precise and insightful research problems that add to the body of knowledge and progress in their particular fields of study by using the procedures described in this article. A research problem outlines the precise field of inquiry and knowledge gaps that the research attempts to address, defining the scope and objective of a study.

Photo by Scott Graham on Unsplash

• Market Research
• Survey Design
• #research design
• #research problem
• #research strategy

The latest trends in the US healthtech…

CX Case Study: Brands that cracked market…

Generative research: a complete guide to running….

Get the latest market research insights

• Foundations
• Write Paper

Search form

• Experiments
• Anthropology
• Self-Esteem
• Social Anxiety

Defining a Research Problem

Defining a research problem is the fuel that drives the scientific process, and is the foundation of any research method and experimental design, from true experiment to case study.

This article is a part of the guide:

• Null Hypothesis
• Research Hypothesis
• Selecting Method
• Test Hypothesis

Browse Full Outline

• 1 Scientific Method
• 2.1.1 Null Hypothesis
• 2.1.2 Research Hypothesis
• 2.2 Prediction
• 2.3 Conceptual Variable
• 3.1 Operationalization
• 3.2 Selecting Method
• 3.3 Measurements
• 3.4 Scientific Observation
• 4.1 Empirical Evidence
• 5.1 Generalization
• 5.2 Errors in Conclusion

It is one of the first statements made in any research paper and, as well as defining the research area, should include a quick synopsis of how the hypothesis was arrived at.

Operationalization is then used to give some indication of the exact definitions of the variables, and the type of scientific measurements used.

This will lead to the proposal of a viable hypothesis . As an aside, when scientists are putting forward proposals for research funds, the quality of their research problem often makes the difference between success and failure.

Structuring the Research Problem

Look at any scientific paper, and you will see the research problem, written almost like a statement of intent.

Defining a research problem is crucial in defining the quality of the answers, and determines the exact research method used. A quantitative experimental design uses deductive reasoning to arrive at a testable hypothesis .

Qualitative research designs use inductive reasoning to propose a research statement.

Formulating the research problem begins during the first steps of the scientific process .

As an example, a literature review and a study of previous experiments, and research, might throw up some vague areas of interest.

Many scientific researchers look at an area where a previous researcher generated some interesting results, but never followed up. It could be an interesting area of research, which nobody else has fully explored.

A scientist may even review a successful experiment, disagree with the results , the tests used, or the methodology , and decide to refine the research process, retesting the hypothesis .

This is called the conceptual definition, and is an overall view of the problem. A science report will generally begin with an overview of the previous research and real-world observations. The researcher will then state how this led to defining a research problem.

The Operational Definitions

The operational definition is the determining the scalar properties of the variables .

For example, temperature, weight and time are usually well known and defined, with only the exact scale used needing definition. If a researcher is measuring abstract concepts, such as intelligence, emotions, and subjective responses, then a system of measuring numerically needs to be established, allowing statistical analysis and replication.

For example, intelligence may be measured with IQ and human responses could be measured with a questionnaire from ‘1- strongly disagree’, to ‘5 - strongly agree’.

Behavioral biologists and social scientists might design an ordinal scale for measuring and rating behavior. These measurements are always subjective, but allow statistics and replication of the whole research method. This is all an essential part of defining a research problem.

Examples of Defining a Research Problem

An anthropologist might find references to a relatively unknown tribe in Papua New Guinea. Through inductive reasoning , she arrives at the research problem and asks,

‘How do these people live and how does their culture relate to nearby tribes?’

She has found a gap in knowledge, and she seeks to fill it, using a qualitative case study , without a hypothesis.

The Bandura Bobo Doll Experiment is a good example of using deductive reasoning to arrive at a research problem and hypothesis.

Anecdotal evidence showed that violent behavior amongst children was increasing. Bandura believed that higher levels of violent adult role models on television, was a contributor to this rise. This was expanded into a hypothesis , and operationalization of the variables, and scientific measurement scale , led to a robust experimental design.

• Psychology 101
• Flags and Countries
• Capitals and Countries

Martyn Shuttleworth (Oct 2, 2008). Defining a Research Problem. Retrieved Dec 19, 2024 from Explorable.com: https://explorable.com/defining-a-research-problem

You Are Allowed To Copy The Text

The text in this article is licensed under the Creative Commons-License Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) .

This means you're free to copy, share and adapt any parts (or all) of the text in the article, as long as you give appropriate credit and provide a link/reference to this page.

That is it. You don't need our permission to copy the article; just include a link/reference back to this page. You can use it freely (with some kind of link), and we're also okay with people reprinting in publications like books, blogs, newsletters, course-material, papers, wikipedia and presentations (with clear attribution).

Want to stay up to date? Follow us!

Get all these articles in 1 guide.

Want the full version to study at home, take to school or just scribble on?

Whether you are an academic novice, or you simply want to brush up your skills, this book will take your academic writing skills to the next level.

Download electronic versions: - Epub for mobiles and tablets - For Kindle here - PDF version here

Save this course for later

Don't have time for it all now? No problem, save it as a course and come back to it later.

Footer bottom

• Privacy Policy

• Subscribe to our RSS Feed
• Like us on Facebook
• Follow us on Twitter