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How to Write an Effective Problem Statement for Your Research Paper
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Table of Contents
The problem statement usually appears at the beginning of an article, making it one of the first things readers encounter. An excellent problem statement not only explains the relevance and importance of the research but also helps readers quickly determine if the article aligns with their interests by clearly defining the topic. Therefore, the problem statement plays a unique role in the widespread dissemination of the paper and enhancing the researcher’s academic influence.
In this article, we will focus on writing ideas, structure, and practical examples of the problem statement, helping researchers easily write an excellent problem statement.
Basic Writing Strategies for the Problem Statement
The problem statement aims to highlight the pressing issue the research intends to address. It should be concise and to the point. Researchers can follow a two-step approach: first, think about the content of the problem statement, and then organize the writing framework.
Before writing, clarify the following points¹ :
- What is the reader’s level of understanding of the research topic?
- How can the significance of the research be effectively conveyed to the reader?
After addressing these two questions, you can organize the content according to the following structure:
- Clarify what you aim to achieve with your research.
- Explore why the problem exists and explain how solving it helps reach the goal.
- Outline the potential impact of the research, such as possible outcomes, challenges, and benefits.
- Recommend a plan for your experiment that follows the rules of science.
- Explain the potential consequences if the problem is not resolved (if applicable).
Three Important Parts of the Problem Statement
The content and length of the problem statement can vary depending on the type of research. Although there’s no fixed format, it’s helpful to include these three key parts:
Research Background:
Explain clearly what problem your research focuses on. Describe how things would be better if this problem didn’t exist. Also, talk about what other researchers have tried to do about this problem and what still needs to be figured out.
Research Significance:
Clarify the impact of the problem on the research field and society, and analyze the cause of the problem. Explain who will benefit from solving the problem, thus demonstrating the relevance of the research and its contribution to the existing research system.² To illustrate the relevance, consider aspects such as the geographical location or process where the problem occurs, the time period during which it exists, and the severity of the problem.
Solution:
Describe the research objective and the expected solution or results.
Understanding the Writing Method Through Examples
To further explore the writing method of the problem statement, let’s look at the following case.
Research Topic:
The benefits of vitamin D supplementation on the immune system.
Problem Statement:
- Review existing research on the role of vitamin D in the immune system, emphasizing the potential impacts of vitamin D deficiency on the human body.
- List the obstacles encountered when trying to increase vitamin D levels in the body through supplements, and briefly mention the physiological or molecular mechanisms behind these obstacles.
- Clarify feasible ways to overcome these obstacles, such as new methods to promote the absorption of vitamin D in the intestine. Then, focus on the benefits of these methods, such as helping postmenopausal women with breast cancer improve their blood vitamin D levels.
Points to Note:
When crafting your problem statement, focus on essential details and avoid unnecessary information. Additionally, absolute terms such as “must” should be avoided.
( The examples in this article are used only to illustrate writing points, and the academic views contained therein are not for reference. )
By mastering these techniques and methods, you can enhance the clarity and impact of their problem statements. This not only makes the articles more engaging for reviewers and readers but also increases the likelihood of broader dissemination.
For efficient and professional assistance, consider reaching out to Elsevier Language Services. Our team of expert editors, who are native English speakers across various disciplines, can help refine every aspect of your article, including the problem statement. Our goal is to ensure your research achieves efficient publication and has wide-reaching impact, supporting your academic journey in the long term.
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References:
- SURF Workshop Resources: Problem Statements – Purdue OWL® – Purdue University. (n.d.). https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/subject_specific_writing/writing_in_the_purdue_surf_program/surf_workshop_resources_problem_statements/index.html
- Problem Statement | A practical guide to delivering results. (n.d.). Copyright (C)2024 a Practical Guide to Delivering Results. All Rights Reserved. https://deliveringresults.leeds.ac.uk/delivering-results-lifecycle/problem-statement/
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What is a Problem Statement in Research? How to Write It with Examples
The question, “What is a research problem statement?” is usually followed by “Why should I care about problem statements, and how can it affect my research?” In this article, we will try to simplify the concept so that you not only grasp its meaning but internalize its importance and learn how to craft a problem statement.
To put it simply, a “problem statement” as the name implies is any statement that describes a problem in research. When you conduct a study, your aim as a researcher is to answer a query or resolve a problem. This learned information is then typically disseminated by writing a research paper that details the entire process for readers (both for experts and the general public). To better grasp this concept, we’ll try to explain what a research problem statement is from the viewpoint of a reader. For the purpose of clarity and brevity the topic is divided into subsections.
Table of Contents
What is a research problem?
A research problem is a clearly defined issue in a particular field of study that requires additional investigation and study to resolve. Once identified, the problem can be succinctly stated to highlight existing knowledge gaps, the importance of solving the research problem, and the difference between a current situation and an improved state.
But why is it important to have a research problem ready? Keep in mind that a good research problem helps you define the main concepts and terms of research that not only guide your study but help you add to or update existing literature. A research problem statement should ideally be clear, precise, and tangible enough to assist you in developing a framework for establishing the objectives, techniques, and analysis of the research project. Hence, any research project, if it is to be completed successfully, must start with a well-defined research problem.
What is research problem statement?
A research problem statement in research writing is the most crucial component of any study, which the researcher must perfect for a variety of reasons, including to get funding and boost readership. We’ve already established that a research article’s “research problem” is a sentence that expresses the specific problem that the research is addressing. But first, let’s discuss the significance of the problem statement in research and how to formulate one, using a few examples.
Do you recall the thoughts that went through your head the last time you read a study article? Have you ever tried to quickly scan the introduction or background of the research article to get a sense of the context and the exact issue the authors were attempting to address through the study? Were you stuck attempting to pinpoint the key sentence(s) that encapsulates the background and context of the study, the motivation behind its initial conduct, and its goals? A research problem statement is the descriptive statement which conveys the issue a researcher is trying to address through the study with the aim of informing the reader the context and significance of performing the study at hand . The research problem statement is crucial for researchers to focus on a particular component of a vast field of study, and for readers to comprehend the significance of the research. A well-defined problem allows you to create a framework to develop research objectives or hypotheses.
Now that we are aware of the significance of a problem statement in research, we can concentrate on creating one that is compelling. Writing a problem statement is a fairly simple process; first, you select a broad topic or research area based on your expertise and the resources at your disposal. Then, you narrow it down to a specific research question or problem relevant to that area of research while keeping the gaps in existing knowledge in mind. To give you a step-by-step instruction on how to write a problem statement for research proposal we’ve broken the process down into sections discussing individual aspects.
When to write a problem statement?
The placement of the research problem in the research project is another crucial component when developing a problem statement. Since the research problem statement is fundamental to writing any research project, it is best to write it at the start of the research process, before experimental setup, data collection, and analysis. Without identifying a specific research problem, you don’t know what exactly you are trying to address through the research so it would not be possible for you to set up the right conditions and foundation for the research project.
It is important to describe the research problem statement at the beginning of the research process to guide the research design and methodology. Another benefit of having a clear and defined research problem early on is that it helps researchers stay on track and focus on the problem at hand without deviating into other trajectories. Writing down the research problem statement also ensures that the current study is relevant, fitting, and fills a knowledge gap. However, note that a research statement can be refined or modified as the research advances and new information becomes available. This could be anything from further deconstructing a specific query to posing a fresh query related to the selected topic area. In fact, it is common practice to revise the problem statement in research to maintain specificity and clarity and to allow room to reflect advancement in the research field.
Bonus point:
A well-defined research problem statement that is referenced in the proper position in the research proposal/article is crucial to effectively communicate the goal and significance of the study to all stakeholders concerned with the research. It piques the reader’s interest in the research area, which can advance the work in several ways and open up future partnerships and even employment opportunities for authors.
What does a research problem statement include?
If you have to create a problem statement from scratch, follow the steps/important aspects listed below to create a well-defined research problem statement.
- Describe the wide-ranging research topics
To put things in perspective, it is important to first describe the background of the research issue, which derives from a broad area of study or interest that the research project is concerned with.
- Talk about the research problem/issue
As mentioned earlier, it’s important to state the problem or issues that the research project seeks to address in a clear, succinct manner, preferably in a sentence or two to set the premise of the entire study.
- Emphasize the importance of the issue
After defining the problem your research will try to solve, explain why it’s significant in the larger context and how your study aims to close the knowledge gap between the current state of knowledge and the ideal scenario.
- Outline research questions to address the issue
Give a brief description of the list of research questions your study will use to solve the problem at hand and explain how these will address various components of the problem statement.
- Specify the key goals of the research project
Next, carefully define a set of specific and measurable research objectives that the research project aims to address.
- Describe the experimental setup
Be sure to include a description of the experimental design, including the intended sample (population/size), setting, or context in the problem statement.
- Discuss the theoretical framework
Mention the numerous theoretical ideas and precepts necessary to comprehend the study issue and guide the research activity in this section.
- Include the research methodology
To provide a clear and concise research framework, add a brief description of the research methodologies, including collection and analysis of data, which will be needed to address the research questions and objectives.
Characteristics of a research problem statement
It is essential for a research statement to be clear and concise so that it can guide the development of the research project. A good research statement also helps other stakeholders in comprehending the scope and relevance of the research, which could further lead to opportunities for collaboration or exploration. Here is a list of the key characteristics of a research problem that you should keep in mind when writing an effective research problem statement.
- The “need” to resolve the issue must be present.
It is not enough to choose a problem in your area of interest and expertise; the research problem should have larger implications for a population or a specific subset. Unless the significance of the research problem is elaborated in detail, the research is not deemed significant. Hence, mentioning the “need” to conduct the research in the context of the subject area and how it will create a difference is of utmost importance.
- The research problem needs to be presented rationally and clearly
The research statement must be written at the start and be simple enough for even researchers outside the subject area to understand. The two fundamental elements of a successful research problem statement are clarity and specificity. So, check and rewrite your research problem statement if your peers have trouble understanding it. Aim to write in a straightforward manner while addressing all relevant issues and coherent arguments.
- The research issue is supported by facts and evidence
Before you begin writing the problem statement, you must collect all relevant information available to gain a better understanding of the research topic and existing gaps. A thorough literature search will give you an idea about the current situation and the specific questions you need to ask to close any knowledge gaps. This will also prevent you from asking the questions or identifying issues that have already been addressed. Also, the problem statement should be based on facts and data and should not depend upon hypothetical events.
- The research problem should generate more research questions
Ideally, the research problem should be such that it helps advance research and encourage more questions. The new questions could be specific to the research that highlights different components or aspects of the problem. These questions must also aid in addressing the problem in a more comprehensive manner which provides a solid foundation for the research study.
- The research problem should be tangible
The research issue should be concrete, which means that the study project’s budget and time constraints should be met. The research problem should not call for any actions and experiments that are impractical or outside of your area of competence.
To summarize the main characteristics of a research problem statement, it must:
- Address the knowledge gap
- Be current and relevant
- Aids in advancing the field
- Support future research
- Be tangible and should suit researcher’s time and interest
- Be based on facts and data
How to write a problem statement in research proposal
The format of a problem statement might vary based on the nature and subject of the research; there is no set format. It is typically written in clear, concise sentences and can range from a few sentences to a few pages. Three considerations must be made when formulating a problem statement for a research proposal:
- Context: The research problem statement needs to be created in the right setting with sufficient background information on the research topic. Context makes it easier to distinguish between the current state and the ideal one in which the issue would not exist. In this section, you can also include instances of any prior attempts and significant roadblocks to solving the problem.
- Relevance: The main goal of the researcher here is to highlight the relevance of the research study. Explain how the research problem affects society or the field of research and, if the study is conducted to mitigate the issue, what an ideal scenario would look like. Who your study will most affect if the issue is resolved and how it can impact future research are other arguments that might be made in this section.
- Strategy: Be sure to mention the goals and objectives of your research, and your approach to solve the problem. The purpose of this section is to lay out the research approach for tackling various parts of the research subject.
Examples of problem statement in research proposal
To put what we learned into practice, let’s look at an example of a problem statement in a research report. Suppose you decide to conduct a study on the topic of attention span of different generations. After a thorough literature search you concluded that the attention span of university students is reducing over generations compared to the previous one, even though there are many websites and apps to simplify tasks and make learning easy . This decrease in attention span is attributed to constant exposure to digital content and multiple screens.
In this scenario, the problem statement could be written as – “The problem this study addresses is the lack of regulative measures to control consumption of digital content by young university students, which negatively impacts their attention span”. The research’s goals and objectives, which may employ strategies to increase university students’ attention span by limiting their internet exposure, can then be described in more detail in subsequent paragraphs.
Frequently asked questions
What is a problem statement.
A problem statement is a succinct and unambiguous overview of the research issue that the study is trying to solve.
What is the difference between problem statement and thesis statement?
A problem statement is different from a thesis statement in that the former highlights the main points of a research paper while emphasizing the hypothesis, whilst the latter identifies the issue for which research is being done.
Why is a problem statement needed in a research proposal?
A problem statement identifies the specific problem that the researchers are trying to solve through their research. It is necessary to establish a framework for the project, focus the researcher’s attention, and inform stakeholders of the study’s importance.
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How to Write a Problem Statement for a Research Paper?
What is a problem statement in research, and why is it crucial? A research problem statement is a clear and precise declaration that identifies the issue or challenge your study aims to tackle. It needs to be understandable to both experts and non-experts alike. You can ensure your statement is effective by basing it on established knowledge and avoiding unsupported claims. This way, you can create a solid foundation for your research.
Okay, we answered what is a problem statement, but why is grounding your statement in a literature review important? A thorough review of existing studies not only provides context but also connects your research to the broader scientific community. This approach helps ensure that your problem statement is both relevant and meaningful, guiding your empirical investigation with a strong, evidence-based foundation.
To effectively write a research problem statement, follow these steps:
- Begin by pinpointing the broad field or subject area that captures your interest.
- Narrow down this general area to a particular issue or challenge that needs attention.
- Provide context by explaining why the problem is important and what gap in current knowledge it addresses.
- Articulate the problem in a clear, succinct manner, ensuring that the language is accessible to your target audience.
- Write in an unbiased and neutral tone, steering clear of subjective language and personal opinions.
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How to Write a Problem Statement in Specific Situations
Now, let our online essay writer service address how to write a problem statement for a research paper tailored to different research contexts.
Academic Research
In academic research, a problem statement is written after conducting a preliminary literature review. This initial review helps you identify gaps in current knowledge and frame your problem within the context of existing studies. The problem statement should then clearly articulate the specific issue you intend to investigate, its significance, and how your research will contribute to the field.
- Preliminary Literature Review : Identify gaps or inconsistencies in existing research.
- Define the Problem : State the issue clearly, based on the literature review.
- Significance : Explain why the problem matters and what new insights your research will provide.
Business and Management
In business and management contexts, problem statements often address practical issues that impact organizational performance or strategy. These statements are usually formulated after identifying a specific challenge or inefficiency within the company.
- Identify a Challenge : Pinpoint a specific problem affecting the organization.
- Gather Data : Collect relevant data to understand the problem's scope and impact.
- State the Problem : Clearly describe the issue, focusing on its business implications.
- Propose Objectives : Outline the goals of your research or proposed solutions.
Social and Policy Research
For social and policy research, problem statements focus on societal issues or policy gaps. These statements should highlight the broader implications of the problem and the potential impact of the research findings on policy or society.
- Identify a Social Issue : Choose a relevant social or policy issue that needs investigation.
- Contextualize : Provide background information to frame the issue within a larger societal context.
- Define the Problem : Clearly state the issue and its implications for society or policy.
- Significance : Explain how addressing the problem can lead to social or policy improvements.
What is Included in a Problem Statement
A comprehensive problem statement does more than just identify a gap in understanding or a lack of essential data. It also explains the importance of addressing this gap. Here are key components to include:
Step 1. Contextualize the Problem
To effectively understand how to write a problem statement for a research paper, you should first contextualize the problem and start by offering background information that sets the stage for your research. This involves presenting the broader area of study and then narrowing it down to the specific issue you will address. By doing so, you help your audience understand the environment in which the problem exists.
Example: If your research focuses on the impact of financial literacy programs on small business owners' ability to secure loans, begin with an overview of the importance of financial literacy in business. Discuss how small businesses contribute to the economy and summarize previous studies on financial literacy's general effects on business success. This context helps to frame your specific research question within the larger discourse.
Detailed Steps:
- Introduce the General Area : Begin with a broad discussion of the field.
- Highlight Key Issues : Identify major themes or problems in the field.
- Narrow Down : Focus on the specific issue your research will address.
Step 2. Establish the Study's Significance
After setting the context, it's crucial to explain why your research is significant. This involves articulating the importance of the problem statement and how your research will contribute to the field. Here, you answer questions like: Why does this problem matter? Who will benefit from the findings?
Example: Continuing with the financial literacy example, explain why understanding its impact on small business owners' ability to secure loans is crucial. Highlight the potential consequences of poor financial literacy, such as higher loan rejection rates, increased financial instability, and business failures. Emphasize how your research could inform policymakers, financial institutions, and educational program designers, leading to more effective financial literacy programs and better support for small businesses.
- Highlight the Gap : Clearly state what is missing in current research.
- Discuss Implications : Explain the broader impact of addressing this gap.
- Identify Beneficiaries : Point out who will benefit from your research findings.
Step 3. Set Your Objectives
Your statement should conclude with clear research aims and objectives. This section outlines what you intend to achieve and the steps you will take to address the problem. Be specific about your research goals and the methods you will use to accomplish them.
Example: For the financial literacy and loan acquisition study, your aims might include evaluating the current financial literacy levels among small business owners, examining the correlation between financial literacy and loan approval rates, and assessing the effectiveness of existing financial literacy programs. Your objectives could be to conduct surveys of small business owners, analyze loan application data, and develop recommendations for improving financial literacy programs based on your findings.
- State Your Aims : Clearly articulate the primary goals of your research.
- Outline Your Objectives : Break down the aims into specific, actionable objectives.
- Describe Your Methods : Briefly mention the research methods you will use to achieve these objectives.
Problem Statement Example
Here, we prepared two research problem statement examples that can serve as unique templates for developing your own statement.
Characteristics of a Research Problem Statement
According to Kerlinger, a good problem statement asks what relationship exists between two or more variables. When learning how to write a problem statement, make sure it has the following characteristics:
Writing a clear problem statement helps you pinpoint the exact issue, explain why it matters, and set specific goals. Whether you're looking into social issues or business problems, a well-defined statement directs your study toward valuable insights and solutions. If you ever need expert research proposal help , remember that together, we can transform your ideas into impactful studies that drive positive change!
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What is a Problem Statement in Research?
How to write a problem statement, how do you structure a good problem statement.
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- Rupam. (n.d.). Research Problem and its Characteristics . https://www.tpscollegepatna.org/admin-panel/image/content/Research%20Problem%20and%20its%20Characteristics.pdf
- Characteristics of a Quality Problem Statement . (n.d.). https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57e9e21f2e69cf4b7cee5ba0/t/5935d3e003596eebfc6b0463/1496699873373/Characteristics+of+a+Quality+Problem+Statement+%281%29.pdf
Well-Formed Problem Statement: The Power of Research
Table of contents
- 1 Importance of a Problem Statement in Research
- 2.1 Clarity
- 2.2 Specificity
- 2.3 Relevance
- 2.4 Feasibility
- 3 Elements of a Research Problem Statement
- 4 How to Write a Problem Statement for a Research Paper?
- 5 Avoid Common Mistakes by Research Problem Statement
- 6.1 Biological Sciences
- 6.2 Literature
- 6.3 Marketing
- 6.4 Educational Psychology
- 6.5 Climate Change
- 6.6 Computer Science
- 6.7 Public Health
- 7 Insights and Parting Thoughts on Writing a Successful Research Problem Statement
Understanding the substance of a problem statement is critical for every high-quality and insightful research proposal or project. Thus, the research paper writing service PapersOwl intends to explore the nuances of developing a succinct problem statement. Therefore, we aim to explain its relevance in driving the research process.
In fact, problem statements can help researchers eliminate trouble understanding and finally unearth meaningful insights, validate hypotheses, and draw robust conclusions.
Through a comprehensive exploration of the research problem, this article seeks to clear up the concept of research problem statements, point out the significance of statistical analysis, and provide investigators with useful advice on how to craft a successful research design and research questions for a meaningful article in IEEE format.
What will be covered in the article:
- PapersOwl will discuss what a problem statement for a research paper is and what kind of purpose it has.
- After reading this article, you will understand the importance of a clear research statement in guiding research.
- We will also dive deep into the characteristics and components of a good problem statement.
- In the end, we will give you some tips on how to write a problem statement in research to clarify your research issue.
With these foundational aspects, let us understand what constitutes a powerful research methodology and problem statement.
Importance of a Problem Statement in Research
Firstly, a problem statement of a research paper is important, but why? Simply said, it is the compass for navigating the wide research landscape, steering them toward focused and purposeful investigation. It also helps to structure the research design correctly.
By clearly outlining the subject matter, investigators may focus their efforts on appropriate lines of study, ensuring their work is meaningful. This clarity increases the chances of finding research ideas and solutions and speeds up the research process.
Furthermore, when you write a problem statement well, a research issue can captivate readers’ interest. Whether a peer reviewer is evaluating a study’s scholarly worth or a funding agency is analyzing its potential effect, a compelling issue statement is where it all begins. The serious research question’s significance and possible repercussions are underlined here, motivating stakeholders to learn more about the planned inquiry.
Overall, the importance of writing a research problem statement in academic research cannot be overstated. It steers the course of inquiry and serves as the gateway to garnering interest, support, and appreciation for academic achievements. An issue statement that is clear and purposeful acts as a lighthouse, guiding researchers as they set out on their information-collecting adventures.
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Characteristics of an Upstanding Research Problem Statement
Crafting a research problem statement is akin to laying the foundation for a sturdy research endeavor. difficult topics into brief, actionable research questions. Understanding the features that distinguish a good issue statement is critical for investigators looking to conduct significant investigations.
These characteristics serve as the core principles, directing scholars to formulate a research problem that is clear, explicit, relevant, and feasible.
In this exploration of the main aspects of any good statement of problem in research itself, let’s look into the important features that support the good one:
A good research problem statement or thesis statement is characterized by clarity, employing language that is easily understandable and devoid of ambiguity. Clear definitions of key terms and concepts ensure that both researchers and consumers precisely understand the research problem being addressed in the thesis statement , establishing an outstanding framework for further investigation.
Specificity
The specific problem is the uppermost in developing the research question, as it helps focus the research efforts on a particular aspect or dimension of the issue at hand. The boundaries and extent of the research topic can be accurately determined by investigators, allowing them to avoid tangential distractions and focus on the core issue, which will increase the effectiveness of the project.
An effective research paper statement of the problem addresses a substantial and important topic. It draws attention to the matter and highlights its possible impact by addressing existing knowledge gaps or theoretical research problems. This encourages stakeholders to participate in the research project.
Feasibility
A good problem description gives a statement of the problem in research that is practical to investigate shared resources, time, and methods. It needs to be understandable to researchers. Hence, they may create useful plans and methods for data collection, gathering, analysis, and interpretation.
Elements of a Research Problem Statement
Before exploring the intricacies of research problem statement components, it is critical to comprehend the fundamental elements of an organized and successful inquiry.
It serves as the basis of any research paper . By meticulously scrutinizing each element, professionals may create statements that define a logical plan for tackling the research problem and explain its seriousness.
- The research problem statement begins with clearly articulating the issue or challenge that requires investigation.
- Contextual background knowledge is essential for comprehending the issue in light of a larger picture. This section gives essential historical, theoretical, or descriptive context for the research problem statement within the broader field discourse, helping readers comprehend its relevance.
- Underlighting the repercussions of the situation emphasizes its relevance and motivates the need for research project interposition. This part shows the problem’s significance and justifies the time and money spent on solving it by emphasizing its possible outcomes or repercussions.
- It closes with a specific, concise analysis of research objectives that stem directly from the recognized problem. These objectives define the exact research project aims, providing a plan for the study’s direction and impacting the growth of further research hypotheses and action plans.
How to Write a Problem Statement for a Research Paper?
If you need help writing a problem statement for research, luckily, PapersOwl’s writers are always here to lend you a hand! To be successful in your research, you must also grasp how to write a convincing problem statement.
The first step in crafting an effective problem statement in a research paper is to identify and understand the core issue thoroughly. Researchers must engage in critical examination, asking probing research questions to uncover the underlying causes and ramifications of the problem.
A compelling issue statement acquires legitimacy and credibility when it is supported by pertinent data, literature, or empirical proof and ought to consult previous studies, statistical information, or theoretical frameworks to prove the significance and urgency of the research problem. Such data validates the hypothesis and provides background information to understand the statement of the problem, considering the investigation’s broader consequences.
To maintain clarity, it is important to define the scope and limitations of the research when writing the problem statement. Investigators must delineate the boundaries of the inquiry, specifying what will be included and excluded from the study. This lessens the chance of scope creep and certifies that the problem statement in the dissertation stays succinct and reasonable given the constraints of the research study.
A well-written problem statement must have specific, established objectives that are reachable. These research objectives clarify the precise goals and results the study seeks to attain and act as a guide for the research.
Mainly, researchers should evaluate and revise the problem statement to guarantee its clarity and effect. This involves revisiting each statement of the problem multiple times, seeking feedback from peers and mentors, and making necessary revisions to enhance the coherence and effectiveness of the research approach.
Examiners may verify that the thesis statement appropriately represents the study objectives by constantly improving it and establishing the structure for comprehensive and meaningful work.
Avoid Common Mistakes by Research Problem Statement
The accuracy and clarity of the specific problem description are critical to the effectiveness of any research proposal. Nonetheless, common mistakes made when drafting these claims might obstruct advancement.
We’ll cover frequent errors that researchers should avoid to acquire the skills that effectively convey their objectives and conduct their work with clarity:
- Being Too Broad or Vague: A vague or overly broad problem statement lacks focus, so it fails to provide clear direction for the research project, hindering meaningful investigation.
- Overcomplicating the Statement: Avoid unnecessary jargon or intricacy, which may mislead readers. Keep the language simple and accessible to ensure clarity and comprehension.
- Neglecting the Audience: Tailor the problem statement to the intended audience, considering their level of expertise and interest. Failure to do so may cause a connection between the researcher and the reader, decreasing the statement’s effect.
In preventing these mistakes, specialists ensure that their problem statement conveys the importance and relevance of the research question .
Effective Problem Statement Example
A concise sample research problem statement is essential for researchers to make sense of their results.
Let’s examine a variety of good examples of a problem statement in research to demonstrate how precise wording, applicability, and clarity serve as foundations for successful research projects:
Biological Sciences
“The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria poses a significant threat to public health worldwide. This research project aims to investigate the mechanisms underlying antibiotic resistance in [a specific bacterial strain] and identify potential targets for novel antimicrobial therapies.”
“Despite advancements in feminist literary criticism, there remains a lack of comprehensive analysis of the portrayal of female agency in 19th-century British novels. This research seeks to examine the depiction of female characters in select works by [the author] within the context of the social and cultural constraints of the time.”
“In an increasingly competitive market, understanding consumer behavior is paramount for companies to develop effective marketing strategies. This study aims to explore the impact of social media influencers on consumer purchasing decisions in the fashion industry, focusing on identifying key factors influencing consumer engagement.”
Educational Psychology
“The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among school-aged children presents significant challenges for educators in promoting academic success. The research project aims to discover how well mindfulness-based therapies may help elementary school children with ADHD become more attentive and capable of self-regulation.”
Climate Change
“Urban centers now have alarmingly high levels of air pollution due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, contributing to adverse health effects and environmental degradation. This study aims to assess the impact of vehicular emissions on air quality in [city], employing advanced modeling techniques to inform policy interventions aimed at mitigating pollution levels.”
Computer Science
“The proliferation of cyberattacks poses a growing threat to the security of digital systems and sensitive data. This research aims to develop an innovative intrusion detection system utilizing machine learning algorithms to detect and mitigate potential security breaches in real-time.”
Public Health
“Despite efforts to promote vaccination programs, vaccine hesitancy remains a significant barrier to achieving herd immunity and preventing outbreaks of infectious diseases. This study seeks to identify the underlying factors contributing to vaccine hesitancy among parents in [the region] and develop targeted interventions to address misconceptions and improve vaccination rates.”
These problem statement examples show how well-written outlines define the importance and relevance of the research question to the investigation, explain the research challenge clearly, and provide context and goals to direct the project.
Insights and Parting Thoughts on Writing a Successful Research Problem Statement
Formulating a problem statement is the core step in any research paper outline . Researchers can effectively guide their investigations toward valid outcomes by following best practices such as clarity, specificity, and relevance.
Avoiding errors such as overcomplication or vagueness guarantees the research problem statement remains accessible. Furthermore, tailoring the remark to the intended audience improves its effect and engagement.
To sum up, a well-crafted problem statement serves as a theoretical framework and the roadmap for a future research project, lighting the way to comprehension, creativity, and discovery in addition to excellent theoretical research.
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3 Problem statement examples and steps to write your own
We’ve all encountered problems on the job. After all, that’s what a lot of work is about. Solving meaningful problems to help improve something.
Developing a problem statement that provides a brief description of an issue you want to solve is an important early step in problem-solving .
It sounds deceptively simple. But creating an effective problem statement isn’t that easy, even for a genius like Albert Einstein. Given one hour to work on a problem, he’d spend 55 minutes thinking about the problem and five minutes finding solutions. (Or so the story goes.)
Einstein was probably exaggerating to make a point. But considering his success in solving complex problems, we think he was on to something.
As humans, we’re wired to jump past the problem and go directly to the solution stage. In emergencies, this behavior can be lifesaving, as in leaping out of the way of a speeding car. But when dealing with longer-range issues in the workplace, this can lead to bad decisions or half-baked solutions.
That’s where problem statements come in handy. They help to meaningfully outline objectives to reach effective solutions. Knowing how to develop a great problem statement is also a valuable tool for honing your management skills .
But what exactly is a problem statement, when should you use one, and how do you go about writing one? In this article, we'll answer those questions and give you some tips for writing effective problem statements. Then you'll be ready to take on more challenges large and small.
What is a problem statement?
First, let’s start by defining a problem statement.
A problem statement is a short, clear explanation of an issue or challenge that sums up what you want to change. It helps you, team members, and other stakeholders to focus on the problem, why it’s important, and who it impacts.
A good problem statement should create awareness and stimulate creative thinking . It should not identify a solution or create a bias toward a specific strategy.
Taking time to work on a problem statement is a great way to short-circuit the tendency to rush to solutions. It helps to make sure you’re focusing on the right problem and have a well-informed understanding of the root causes. The process can also help you take a more proactive than reactive approach to problem-solving . This can help position you and your team to avoid getting stuck in constant fire-fighting mode. That way, you can take advantage of more growth opportunities.
When to use a problem statement
The best time to create a problem statement is before you start thinking of solutions. If you catch yourself or your team rushing to the solution stage when you’re first discussing a problem, hit the brakes. Go back and work on the statement of the problem to make sure everyone understands and agrees on what the real problem is.
Here are some common situations where writing problem statements might come in handy:
- Writing an executive summary for a project proposal or research project
- Collaborating on a cross-functional project with several team members
- Defining the customer issue that a proposed product or service aims to solve
- Using design thinking to improve user experience
- Tackling a problem that previous actions failed to solve
How to identify a problem statement
Like the unseen body of an iceberg, the root cause of a specific problem isn’t always obvious. So when developing a problem statement, how do you go about identifying the true, underlying problem?
These two steps will help you uncover the root cause of a problem :
- Collect information from the research and previous experience with the problem
- Talk to multiple stakeholders who are impacted by the problem
People often perceive problems differently. Interviewing stakeholders will help you understand the problem from diverse points of view. It can also help you develop some case studies to illustrate the problem.
Combining these insights with research data will help you identify root causes more accurately. In turn, this methodology will help you craft a problem statement that will lead to more viable solutions.
What are problem statements used for?
You can use problem statements for a variety of purposes. For an organization, it might be solving customer and employee issues. For the government, it could be improving public health. For individuals, it can mean enhancing their own personal well-being . Generally, problem statements can be used to:
- Identify opportunities for improvement
- Focus on the right problems or issues to launch more successful initiatives – a common challenge in leadership
- Help you communicate a problem to others who need to be involved in finding a solution
- Serve as the basis for developing an action plan or goals that need to be accomplished to help solve the problem
- Stimulate thinking outside the box and other types of creative brainstorming techniques
3 examples of problem statements
When you want to be sure you understand a concept or tool, it helps to see an example. There can also be some differences in opinion about what a problem statement should look like. For instance, some frameworks include a proposed solution as part of the problem statement. But if the goal is to stimulate fresh ideas, it’s better not to suggest a solution within the problem statement.
In our experience, an effective problem statement is brief, preferably one sentence. It’s also specific and descriptive without being prescriptive.
Here are three problem statement examples. While these examples represent three types of problems or goals, keep in mind that there can be many other types of problem statements.
Example Problem Statement 1: The Status Quo Problem Statement
Example:
The average customer service on-hold time for Example company exceeds five minutes during both its busy and slow seasons.
This can be used to describe a current pain point within an organization that may need to be addressed. Note that the statement specifies that the issue occurs during the company’s slow time as well as the busy season. This is helpful in performing the root cause analysis and determining how this problem can be solved.
The average customer service on-hold time for Example company exceeds five minutes during both its busy and slow seasons. The company is currently understaffed and customer service representatives are overwhelmed.
Background:
Example company is facing a significant challenge in managing their customer service on-hold times. In the past, the company had been known for its efficient and timely customer service, but due to a combination of factors, including understaffing and increased customer demand, the on-hold times have exceeded five minutes consistently. This has resulted in frustration and dissatisfaction among customers, negatively impacting the company's reputation and customer loyalty.
Reducing the on-hold times for customer service callers is crucial for Example company. Prolonged waiting times have a detrimental effect on customer satisfaction and loyalty, leading to potential customer churn and loss of revenue. Additionally, the company's declining reputation in terms of customer service can have a lasting impact on its competitive position in the market. Addressing this problem is of utmost importance to improve customer experience and maintain a positive brand image.
Objectives:
The primary objective of this project is to reduce the on-hold times for customer service callers at Example company. The specific objectives include:
- Analyzing the current customer service workflow and identifying bottlenecks contributing to increased on-hold times.
- Assessing the staffing levels and resource allocation to determine the extent of understaffing and its impact on customer service.
- Developing strategies and implementing measures to optimize the customer service workflow and reduce on-hold times.
- Monitoring and evaluating the effectiveness of the implemented measures through key performance indicators (KPIs) such as average on-hold time, customer satisfaction ratings, and customer feedback.
- Establishing a sustainable approach to maintain reduced on-hold times, taking into account both busy and slow seasons, through proper resource planning, training, and process improvements.
Example Problem Statement 2: The Destination Problem Statement
Leaders at Example company want to increase net revenue for its premium product line of widgets by 5% for the next fiscal year.
This approach can be used to describe where an organization wants to be in the future. This type of problem statement is useful for launching initiatives to help an organization achieve its desired state.
Like creating SMART goals , you want to be as specific as possible. Note that the statement specifies “net revenue” instead of “gross revenue." This will help keep options open for potential actions. It also makes it clear that merely increasing sales is not an acceptable solution if higher marketing costs offset the net gains.
Leaders at Example company aim to increase net revenue for its premium product line of widgets by 5% for the next fiscal year. However, the company currently lacks the necessary teams to tackle this objective effectively. To achieve this growth target, the company needs to expand its marketing and PR teams, as well as its product development teams, to prepare for scaling.
Example company faces the challenge of generating a 5% increase in net revenue for its premium product line of widgets in the upcoming fiscal year. Currently, the company lacks the required workforce to drive this growth. Without adequate staff in the marketing, PR, and product development departments, the company's ability to effectively promote, position, and innovate its premium product line will be hindered. To achieve this kind of growth, it is essential that Example company expands teams, enhances capabilities, and strategically taps into the existing pool of loyal customers.
Increasing net revenue for the premium product line is crucial for Example company's overall business success. Failure to achieve the targeted growth rate can lead to missed revenue opportunities and stagnation in the market. By expanding the marketing and PR teams, Example company can strengthen its brand presence, effectively communicate the value proposition of its premium product line, and attract new customers.
Additionally, expanding the product development teams will enable the company to introduce new features and innovations, further enticing existing and potential customers. Therefore, addressing the workforce shortage and investing in the necessary resources are vital for achieving the revenue growth objective.
The primary objective of this project is to increase net revenue for Example company's premium product line of widgets by 5% in the next fiscal year. The specific objectives include:
- Assessing the current workforce and identifying the gaps in the marketing, PR, and product development teams.
- Expanding the marketing and PR teams by hiring skilled professionals who can effectively promote the premium product line and engage with the target audience.
- Strengthening the product development teams by recruiting qualified individuals who can drive innovation, enhance product features, and meet customer demands.
- Developing a comprehensive marketing and PR strategy to effectively communicate the value proposition of the premium product line and attract new customers.
- Leveraging the existing base of loyal customers to increase repeat purchases, referrals, and brand advocacy.
- Allocating sufficient resources, both time and manpower, to support the expansion and scaling efforts required to achieve the ambitious revenue growth target.
- Monitoring and analyzing key performance indicators (KPIs) such as net revenue, customer acquisition, customer retention, and customer satisfaction to measure the success of the growth initiatives.
- Establishing a sustainable plan to maintain the increased revenue growth beyond the next fiscal year by implementing strategies for continuous improvement and adaptation to market dynamics.
Example Problem Statement 3 The Stakeholder Problem Statement
In the last three quarterly employee engagement surveys , less than 30% of employees at Eample company stated that they feel valued by the company. This represents a 20% decline compared to the same period in the year prior.
This strategy can be used to describe how a specific stakeholder group views the organization. It can be useful for exploring issues and potential solutions that impact specific groups of people.
Note the statement makes it clear that the issue has been present in multiple surveys and it's significantly worse than the previous year. When researching root causes, the HR team will want to zero in on factors that changed since the previous year.
In the last three quarterly employee engagement surveys, less than 30% of employees at the Example company stated that they feel valued by the company. This indicates a significant decline of 20% compared to the same period in the previous year.
The company aspires to reduce this percentage further to under 10%. However, achieving this goal would require filling specialized roles and implementing substantial cultural changes within the organization.
Example company is facing a pressing issue regarding employee engagement and perceived value within the company. Over the past year, there has been a notable decline in the percentage of employees who feel valued. This decline is evident in the results of the quarterly employee engagement surveys, which consistently show less than 30% of employees reporting a sense of value by the company.
This decline of 20% compared to the previous year's data signifies a concerning trend. To address this problem effectively, Example company needs to undertake significant measures that go beyond superficial changes and necessitate filling specialized roles and transforming the company culture.
Employee engagement and a sense of value are crucial for organizational success. When employees feel valued, they tend to be more productive, committed, and motivated. Conversely, a lack of perceived value can lead to decreased morale, increased turnover rates, and diminished overall performance.
By addressing the decline in employees feeling valued, Example company can improve employee satisfaction, retention, and ultimately, overall productivity. Achieving the desired reduction to under 10% is essential to restore a positive work environment and build a culture of appreciation and respect.
The primary objective of this project is to increase the percentage of employees who feel valued by Example company, aiming to reduce it to under 10%. The specific objectives include:
- Conducting a comprehensive analysis of the factors contributing to the decline in employees feeling valued, including organizational policies, communication practices, leadership styles, and cultural norms.
- Identifying and filling specialized roles, such as employee engagement specialists or culture change agents, who can provide expertise and guidance in fostering a culture of value and appreciation.
- Developing a holistic employee engagement strategy that encompasses various initiatives, including training programs, recognition programs, feedback mechanisms, and communication channels, to enhance employee value perception.
- Implementing cultural changes within the organization that align with the values of appreciation, respect, and recognition, while fostering an environment where employees feel valued.
- Communicating the importance of employee value and engagement throughout all levels of the organization, including leadership teams, managers, and supervisors, to ensure consistent messaging and support.
- Monitoring progress through regular employee surveys, feedback sessions, and key performance indicators (KPIs) related to employee satisfaction, turnover rates, and overall engagement levels.
- Providing ongoing support, resources, and training to managers and supervisors to enable them to effectively recognize and appreciate their teams and foster a culture of value within their respective departments.
- Establishing a sustainable framework for maintaining high employee value perception in the long term, including regular evaluation and adaptation of employee engagement initiatives to address evolving needs and expectations.
What are the 5 components of a problem statement?
In developing a problem statement, it helps to think like a journalist by focusing on the five Ws: who, what, when, where, and why or how. Keep in mind that every statement may not explicitly include each component. But asking these questions is a good way to make sure you’re covering the key elements:
- Who: Who are the stakeholders that are affected by the problem?
- What: What is the current state, desired state, or unmet need?
- When: When is the issue occurring or what is the timeframe involved?
- Where: Where is the problem occurring? For example, is it in a specific department, location, or region?
- Why: Why is this important or worth solving? How is the problem impacting your customers, employees, other stakeholders, or the organization? What is the magnitude of the problem? How large is the gap between the current and desired state?
How do you write a problem statement?
There are many frameworks designed to help people write a problem statement. One example is outlined in the book, The Conclusion Trap: Four Steps to Better Decisions, ” by Daniel Markovitz. A faculty member at the Lean Enterprise Institute, the author uses many case studies from his work as a business consultant.
To simplify the process, we’ve broken it down into three steps:
1. Gather data and observe
Use data from research and reports, as well as facts from direct observation to answer the five Ws: who, what, when, where, and why.
Whenever possible, get out in the field and talk directly with stakeholders impacted by the problem. Get a firsthand look at the work environment and equipment. This may mean spending time on the production floor asking employees questions about their work and challenges. Or taking customer service calls to learn more about customer pain points and problems your employees may be grappling with.
2. Frame the problem properly
A well-framed problem will help you avoid cognitive bias and open avenues for discussion. It will also encourage the exploration of more options.
A good way to test a problem statement for bias is to ask questions like these:
3. Keep asking why (and check in on the progress)
When it comes to problem-solving, stay curious. Lean on your growth mindset to keep asking why — and check in on the progress.
Asking why until you’re satisfied that you’ve uncovered the root cause of the problem will help you avoid ineffective band-aid solutions.
What to avoid when writing a problem statement
When crafting a problem statement, it's essential to communicate the issue clearly and effectively. A well-formulated problem statement sets the stage for understanding and addressing the challenge at hand. However, there are common pitfalls that can undermine its clarity and purpose. Here's what you should avoid:
- Vagueness : Be specific about the problem and its context.
- Complexity : Keep the language simple and direct.
- Overgeneralization : Avoid broad statements that don’t address specific issues.
- Assumptions : Don’t presume solutions or causes without evidence.
- Jargon : Use clear, accessible language that can be understood by all stakeholders.
Refining your problem statements
When solving any sort of problem, there’s likely a slew of questions that might arise for you. In order to holistically understand the root cause of the problem at hand, your workforce needs to stay curious.
An effective problem statement creates the space you and your team need to explore, gain insight, and get buy-in before taking action.
If you have embarked on a proposed solution, it’s also important to understand that solutions are malleable. There may be no single best solution. Solutions can change and adapt as external factors change, too. It’s more important than ever that organizations stay agile . This means that interactive check-ins are critical to solving tough problems. By keeping a good pulse on your course of action, you’ll be better equipped to pivot when the time comes to change.
BetterUp can help. With access to virtual coaching , your people can get personalized support to help solve tough problems of the future.
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Madeline Miles
Madeline is a writer, communicator, and storyteller who is passionate about using words to help drive positive change. She holds a bachelor's in English Creative Writing and Communication Studies and lives in Denver, Colorado. In her spare time, she's usually somewhere outside (preferably in the mountains) — and enjoys poetry and fiction.
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Problem Statement Example – A Comprehensive Guide
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The problem statement poses a crucial section of any dissertation, research project, and thesis, providing a concise and clear outline of the issue the study seeks to address. A well-written problem statement serves as a cornerstone in guiding the research process and sets the foundation for your methodology , findings, and research questions . This article will provide problem statement examples that can serve as models for articulating the critical issues your research aims to resolve.
Inhaltsverzeichnis
- 1 In a Nutshell – Problem Statement Example
- 2 Definition: Problem statement example
- 3 Writing a problem statement with examples
- 4 Final problem statement example
- 5 Do’s and don’ts for an effective problem statement
In a Nutshell – Problem Statement Example
- A problem statement is essential in guiding and targeting research efforts.
- This section provides an overview of the study’s context and its relevance.
- The purpose and existence of the research are explained and justified.
- The section forms a crucial link between the literature review and the whole study.
Definition: Problem statement example
A problem statement is like a lighthouse in the vast sea of research. Its purpose is to provide a brief and straightforward statement that outlines the issue or problem that the study seeks to solve. It highlights the gap in current knowledge or context that the research aims to fill.
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Writing a problem statement with examples
Step 1: identify the problem, step 2: provide context, step 3: state the consequences, step 4: propose a solution.
The first step in writing a problem statement is to identify the problem. The problem could be an unmet need, a gap in knowledge, or an issue that has not been properly addressed. It’s essential that the problem is not just a symptom of another problem, but the actual issue that needs to be addressed.
Suppose you’re conducting a research study about nutrition in public schools. After some preliminary research, you’ve identified that many students are not eating the provided school meals, resulting in poor nutrition and concentration.
Once you have identified the problem, the next step is to provide context for the problem. This includes information about who is affected by the problem, where the problem occurs, and what consequences the problem may have if not addressed.
“Many students in our city’s public schools are not consuming the meals provided at school. This is leading to poor nutrition, affecting their concentration and overall academic performance negatively.”
The next step is to explicitly state what will happen if the problem is not solved. This helps readers understand the seriousness of the issue and the importance of finding a solution.
“If this problem is not addressed, we risk our city’s students continuing to underperform academically, affecting their future prospects and overall health.”
The last step in writing a problem statement is to propose a potential solution to the problem or an approach to finding a solution. The solution doesn’t have to be definitive; it could be what you aim to achieve through your research.
“This study aims to explore the reasons behind students’ reluctance to consume school meals and develop strategies to improve meal consumption and nutritional intake. We will use a combination of surveys and interviews to gather data from students, parents, and school administrators.”
Final problem statement example
Considering all four step, the final problem statement could look like this:
“Many students in our city’s public schools are not consuming the school-provided meals, leading to poor nutrition and affecting their concentration and overall academic performance. If this problem is not addressed, we risk our city’s students continuing to underperform academically, affecting their future prospects and overall health. This study aims to explore the reasons behind students’ reluctance to consume school meals and develop strategies to improve meal consumption and nutritional intake. We will use a combination of surveys and interviews to gather data from students, parents, and school administrators.”
This problem statement clearly states the problem, provides context, discusses the consequences of inaction, and proposes a research approach to find solutions. Following these steps will guide you in writing a comprehensive, clear, and effective problem statement for your research.
Do’s and don’ts for an effective problem statement
- Be concise: Stick to the point for a direct problem statement example.
- What, why, how: What is the problem? Why is it important? How is it solved?
- Be specific: Specify your problem statement and address a real issue.
Don´ts
- Avoid vagueness: Steer clear from vague and ambiguous statements.
- Don’t overcomplicate: Keep the language simple and straightforward.
- Avoid jargon: Use plain, accessible, and comprehensive language.
Is a problem statement always necessary?
Yes, a problem statement is crucial in any type of research paper or study, as it outlines the focus and direction of the research.
Can a problem statement change during the research?
Although it’s best to stick to your initial problem statement, research is an exploratory process. Thus, minor adjustments may be made as long as they do not significantly alter the research’s direction.
Is there a length requirement for a problem statement?
No, there is no strict length requirement. However, a problem statement should be as concise as possible while still adequately addressing the problem, its relevance, and the proposed method to address it.
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How to Write a Statement of a Problem in Research with Steps
Published by Grace Graffin at August 11th, 2021 , Revised On October 3, 2023
Research is a systematic investigation to find new techniques, products or processes to solve problems. Apart from being systematic, research is empirical in nature: it’s based on observations and measurement of those observations.
It’s what comes before the development. Impacts and policies that are born in society are borne out of the research.
The most important step to perform any research is to identify a problem that needs to be solved. Therefore, it is necessary to define a research problem before starting the actual research process. Once a research problem has been identified, the next step is to write a problem statement.
Philosopher Kaoru Ishikawa said: “You will have a problem half-solved by defining it correctly on the first day.”
This quote perfectly reflects the importance of a problem statement in research. Before writing a problem statement, it is essential to pinpoint a specific problem, the difficulties you can expect to face as you try to solve it and the research gaps you aim to fill with your research.
The last part—how your research aims to fill a gap in the existing literature—will act as a springboard to the solution(s) that policy makers, for instance, might eventually take to solve that problem.
Filling a gap, therefore, is very important towards solving an existing problem.
What is a Problem Statement?
A problem statement is a clear and concise description of an issue or challenge that needs to be addressed. It typically outlines the existing gap between the current state (what currently is) and the desired state (what should be). Crafting a well-defined problem statement is critical for problem-solving, research, or project planning, as it serves as a guidepost and sets the direction for the subsequent steps.
Research Problem and Research Method – A Cyclical Process
The type of research strategy used in research determines whether you will be analysing theoretical problems to add value to existing knowledge, discussing practical issues to become an agent of change for an organisation or industry or looking at both aspects in relation to any given problem.
However, the kind of problem you aim to tackle with your research, to begin with, will also help you narrow down which research design , method or strategy to opt for.
This is therefore a cyclical process. Your research aim guides your research design can help you focus on a specific kind of research gap/problem.
However, generally, your research will focus on one or the other.
Here is all you need to know about how to write a statement of the problem in research, also called problem statement by some research writers .
Why do you Need a Statement of the Problem, to Begin with?
You need a statement of the problem to transform a generalised problem into a well-defined, brief, targeted statement to perform research in the decision-making process. The problem statement helps the researcher to identify the purpose of the ongoing research.
The problem statement in the dissertation is the pillar of the introduction chapter through which the reader can understand the research questions and scope of the project. If you do not define the problem statement properly, the results might become unmanageable.
Writing Problem Statement for a Business or Organisation
In the business world, problem statements provide the basis for the enhancement and refinement of projects. Without identifying and understanding the problem, it will be hard to find and effectively implement solutions.
A stand-alone document that solely provides an in-depth and detailed problem statement is usually the answer for organisations and businesses when it becomes imperative to find the solution to a problem.
Writing Problem Statement for Academic Research
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Problem Statement – How to Write it
Ask yourself the following questions before writing the problem statement:
- What is wrong in the research area/subarea XYZ?
- Where did it happen?
- When did it happen?
- To what extent (how much)?
- I know that because…(evidence)
‘What’ always defines the defect of the problem at hand and explains why it matters? ‘Where’ defines the geological location of the problem. ‘When’ defines the history and the pattern of the problem, the goal of the stated problem and the scope of research.
‘How much’ defines the trend of the problem as to how many objects are facing the same defect and to what extent. The last part, ‘I know this because…’, will help the researcher identify the standard(s) that he must meet.
Step 1: Understanding the Problem
The problem statement should provide a clear and concise background to the research problem you are investigating. Before starting your research , review the literature about the specific problem and find a gap to fill with your own research.
Practical Research Problem Statement
If you are doing experimental research , you can identify problems by talking to people working in a relevant field, studying research reports, and reviewing previous research. Here are some examples of practical research problems:
- A problem that hinders the efficiency of a company
- An institutional process that needs interventions
- An area of concern in your field/sub-field of interest
- Members of a society facing a specific difficulty
The problem statement should focus on the details related to the problem, such as:
- When and where was the problem observed?
- Who is/are affected by it?
- What research has been conducted and what practical steps have been taken to resolve the problem?
Example of Practical Research Problem Statement
The production of a company is low for the months of July and August every year. Initial research has been conducted by the company, which revealed poor production in July and August is due to the unavailability of local raw material.
The company has made some effective attempts at engaging the local suppliers to ensure an uninterrupted supply of the raw material, but these efforts are yet to have any significant impact on the production levels.
Theoretical Research Problem Statement
According to USC Libraries, “A theoretical framework consists of concepts and, together with their definitions and reference to relevant scholarly literature, existing theory that is used for your particular study…theoretical framework must demonstrate an understanding of theories and concepts…relevant to the topic of your research paper and that relate to the broader areas of knowledge being considered.”
The theoretical research indirectly contributes to the change by identifying the problem, expanding knowledge and improving understanding. The researcher can find a specific problem by brainstorming the topic and reviewing already published theories and research.
When writing a problem statement based on a theoretical research problem , it is important to recognise the historical, geographical, social and scientific background. Here are the elements of the theoretical problem statement framework that you should consider:
- What are the facts about the problem?
- Does the problem relate to a certain geographical area or time period?
- How is the problem discussed and explained in the existing literature?
Example of Theoretical Research Problem Statement
The production of a company is low for July and August every year. Initial research has been conducted by the company, which revealed poor production in July and August is due to the unavailability of local raw material. The company has made some effective attempts to engage the local suppliers to ensure an uninterrupted raw material supply. Still, these efforts are yet to have any significant impact on the production levels.
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Step 2 – Show why it’s Important and Relevant
By discussing the importance of the problem under investigation, you are demonstrating the relevance of your research. However, this does not mean that you will end up discovering something unimaginable or extraordinary.
The objective here is to clearly state how and why your research problem is relevant in your chosen area of study and why it requires further research.
As indicated previously, practical research deals with a problem affecting society, social group, firm or organisation on a broader scale. To elaborate on why it is important to solve this problem and why your research is significant, you could consider the following questions:
- What will be the consequences if the problem remains unsolved?
- Who do these consequences have the most implications for?
- What is the wider relevance of the problem being investigated?
Low production in July and August negatively affects the company’s marketing capital, thereby becoming an area of deep concern for the directors and stakeholders. The marketing budget cut in July and August is hindering its ability to promote its products uninterruptedly.
Addressing this problem will have practical benefits for the company and help establish the reasons for disruption in raw material supply.
The relevance of all theoretical issues may not be too obvious, even though most theoretical problems do have practical implications. Here are some questions for you to ponder to establish the importance of your research problem:
- Will your research help to advance understanding of the topic under investigation?
- Are there any benefits of you resolving the problem for other researchers who wish to explore this topic further in the future?
- What are the direct or indirect implications (s) of the problem you are trying to solving?
The new forms of employment such as freelance, contract-based work and zero-hour work arrangements are recognised as either a manipulative last option or a flexible active choice. It is necessary to conduct comprehensive qualitative research to uncover why fresh graduates take up these types of employment in the gig economy. There is a need to advance more vigorous concepts relating to instability and flexibility in modern forms of employment from employees’ perspectives, which will also help shape future policies.
Also see: How to Write the Abstract for Dissertation
Step 3 – Declaring the Problem
Before you jump on to state your research’s problem statements, it’s important to devote a sentence or two to let your readers know the precise, narrowed-down research problem you will be discussing about.
For language clarity purposes, here are some strong opening statements to achieve this step:
- Recently, there has been growing interest in …
- The possibility of…has generated wide interest in …
- The development of…is a classic problem in…
- The development of…has led to the hope that …
- The…has become a favourite topic for analysis …
- Knowledge of…has great importance for …
- The study of…has become an important aspect of …
- A central issue in…is…
- The…has been extensively studied in recent years.
- Many investigators have recently turned to …
- The relationship between…has been investigated by many researchers.
- Many recent studies have found out…
Step 4 – Establishing Aim and Objectives
The last step in writing a problem statement is to provide a framework for solving the problem. This will help you, the researcher, stay focused on your research aims and not stray; it will also help you readers keep in mind the reason as to why you conducted this study, to begin with.
A good problem statement does not provide the exact solution to any problem. Rather, it focuses more on how to effectively understand or tackle a problem by establishing the possible causes.
The aim of a research study is its end goal or overall purpose. Following are some examples of how you can craft your research aim statements:
- This research study aims to investigate…
- This paper is aimed at exploring…
- This research aims to identify…
On the other hand, objectives are the smaller steps that a researcher must take to address the aim of the research. Once you have laid out the research problem your research will deal with, it’s important to next mention the how behind that. Objectives are mostly imperative statements, often beginning with transitive verbs like ‘to analyse,’ ‘to investigate,’ etc.
Some more examples are:
- Statistical analysis will be conducted to determine…
- Both quantitative and qualitative research methods will be employed to probe…
- Face-to-face interviews will be carried out with the participants to establish…
Practical Research Aim and Objectives
This project aims to identify the causes of disturbed supply of raw material in the region, which resulted in low production for the company in July and August. This will be achieved by conducting interviews and surveys with the suppliers to understand why the supply is unpredictable in those two months and what can be done to ensure orderliness. Practical experiments will also be conducted to observe the effectiveness of proposed solutions.
Theoretical Research Aim and Objectives
This study aims to understand and unearth the experiences of fresh graduates in the modern economy. The sample population will participate in this study through qualitative research methods, which are expected to provide a deeper insight into the perceptions and motives of these fresh graduates working as freelancers and contract-based employees. The data collected from this exercise and the existing literature on the topic will be analysed in statistical analysis software.
TIP: Search the common themes of the problem statement in your field of research before writing a problem statement.
Also see: Argumentative Essay Writing Service
Problem Statement versus Significance of the Study
Even though both may sound similar, the statement of the problem and the significance of your study are going to be different. The latter does develop upon and from the former, though.
The problem statement tells your readers what’s wrong, whereas the significance of the study will tell them how your research contributed to that problem. You can’t have a significance of a study without mentioning the problem statement first.
Furthermore, signifying your study implies mentioning 4 key points related to it:
- How your study will further develop the theory behind the existing problem
- Practical solutions that might be implemented to solve the problem (especially in field research work)
- Whether your study or research will pave way for innovative methods to solve the existing problem.
- How your study can help in policy making and implementation, impact studies, etc.
Problem statement in research is the description of an existing issue that needs to be addressed. The problem statement is a focal point of any research and a bridge between the literature review and the research methodology .
Problem statement often has three elements; the problem itself, the method of solving the problem, and the purpose. There are five aspects of every problem: What, Where, When, to what extent, and what defects you know about the topic. Here is an example of a problem statement in a research proposal for your better understanding.
If you wish to know more about how to start your research process, then you might want to take a look at the “ Starting the Research Process ” section on our website, which has several articles relating to a research problem , problem statement, research aim and objectives, and research proposal .
ResearchProspect is a UK-registered business that offers academic support and assistance to students across the globe. Our writers can help you with individual chapters of your dissertation or the full dissertation writing service , no matter how urgent or complex your requirements might be.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is it necessary to write a problem statement.
Yes, the most important step to perform any research is to identify a problem that needs to be solved. Therefore, it is necessary to define a research problem before starting the actual research process .
How is a problem statement different from a problem statement written for an organisation?
In the business world, problem statements provide the basis for the enhancement and refinement of projects. Whereas, in academic research, A problem statement helps researchers understand and realise organised the significance of a research problem .
What is a practical research problem?
Doing experimental research can identify problems by talking to people working in a relevant field, studying research reports, and reviewing previous research.
What is a theoretical research problem?
A theoretical research problem is when the researcher finds a specific problem by brainstorming and reviewing already published theories and research.
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