SPEECH UNITS
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Created on April 30, 2021
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The speaker divides up what he is saying depending on meaning and emphasis. We mark them with //
What are speech units?
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Within a Speech unit, some words are made prominent and others non-prominent. Some speech units have more than one prominent word in them. Each prominent word is emphasized because it carries new information (content word /function word)
In connected speech some syllables are highlighted (prominent) and some are non-prominent. Some authors like Dalton adn Seidhofer (1994) consider rythm as a by-product of the alternation of weak and strong syllables.
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Regular occurence of syllables, whether stressed or not
syllable-timed
The stressed syllables tend to occur at regular intervals
stress-timed
stress-timed vs. syllable timed rythm
- Both languages tend to make content words prominent and structural words non-prominent
- It is possible to reduce the number of prominent syllables to recuc3e the tempo (speed up)
- Syllable-timed. The time in a Spanish utterance depends on the number of syllables
- Practically non-existent weakening (because all syllables take approximately the time to be produced)
- Stressed-timed. The time in an English utterance depends on the number of stresses.
- Regular process of weakening
SIMILARITIES AND DIFFRENCES
¡thank you!
Prominent words in speech units
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Prominence in speech units Fixed phrases and idioms in speech units + Fixed phrases and idioms are usually set together in one speech unit rather than being divided across speech units. + Many fixed phrases and idioms are usually said with two prominent syllables, one of which is. Get started for FREE Continue.
Prominent words in speech units (2) Some speech units have more than one prominent word in them. Each prominent word is emphasised because it carries important information. The last prominent word in a speech unit is where the main falling or rising tone in the speech unit starts: A: How much further is the station? B: // ONLy about a MILE //
I. Thought groups / Intonation units • are longer in rapid speech but shorter in deliberate speech • are grammatically & semantically coherent • are often set off by pauses • have one word more prominent than the rest • have its own intonation pattern e.g. In today's lesson, / we will look at thought groups /
In each speech unit there is one main movement of the voice, either up or down, starting on the last prominent word of the speech unit. Listen to this example: // you'll arRIVE ↗// at CENtral STAtion ↘// when you get OFF the TRAIN ↗// turn LEFT along the PLATform ↘// at the END of the
4 English Pronunciation in Use (Advanced) Organising information in conversation 32 // we stuck a picture// of an elephant//Breaking speech into units 70 33 // It's BLUE// DARK blue// Prominent words in speech units (1) 72 34 // I've always been terrified of SPIders//Prominent words in speech units (2) 74 35 // I'll beLIEVE it when I SEE it// Fixed phrases and idioms in speech units 76
Some speech units have more than one prominent word in them. Each prominent word is emphasized because it carries new information (content word /function word) rythm. In connected speech some syllables are highlighted (prominent) and some are non-prominent. Some authors like Dalton adn Seidhofer (1994) consider rythm as a by-product of the ...
Prominent words in speech units (2) 74 35 II I'll beLIEVE it when I SEE itI Fixed phrases and idioms in speech units 76 36 she's got an ESSay to write Non-prominence on fnal 'empty' content words 78 37 I can't STAND the stuff Non-prominence on fnal vague expressions 80
It's important to learn to distinguish these units because they give subtle meanings and help organize a conversation. There is no single determiner as to where intonation units begin and end or how many a single sentence contains, but there are clues. Generally, intonation units: begin with faster speech, and end with slower speech; include a ...
Prominent and non-prominent words prominent word: usually has the main stress prominent because: important, interesting information non-prominent: repeat information / give information that is already understood some speech units: more than 1 prominent word Prominent words in. Get started for FREE Continue.
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