research presentation introduction example

How to Write a Research Paper Introduction (with Examples)

Table of Contents

The research paper introduction section, along with the Title and Abstract, can be considered the face of any research paper. The following article is intended to guide you in organizing and writing the research paper introduction for a quality academic article or dissertation.

The research paper introduction aims to present the topic to the reader. A study will only be accepted for publishing if you can ascertain that the available literature cannot answer your research question. So it is important to ensure that you have read important studies on that particular topic, especially those within the last five to ten years, and that they are properly referenced in this section. 1

What should be included in the research paper introduction is decided by what you want to tell readers about the reason behind the research and how you plan to fill the knowledge gap. The best research paper introduction provides a systemic review of existing work and demonstrates additional work that needs to be done. It needs to be brief, captivating, and well-referenced; a well-drafted research paper introduction will help the researcher win half the battle.

The introduction for a research paper is where you set up your topic and approach for the reader. It has several key goals:

• Present your research topic
• Capture reader interest
• Summarize existing research
• Position your own approach
• Define your specific research problem and problem statement
• Highlight the novelty and contributions of the study
• Give an overview of the paper’s structure

The research paper introduction can vary in size and structure depending on whether your paper presents the results of original empirical research or is a review paper. Some research paper introduction examples are only half a page while others are a few pages long. In many cases, the introduction will be shorter than all of the other sections of your paper; its length depends on the size of your paper as a whole.

What is the introduction for a research paper?

The introduction in a research paper is placed at the beginning to guide the reader from a broad subject area to the specific topic that your research addresses. They present the following information to the reader

• Scope: The topic covered in the research paper
• Context: Background of your topic
• Importance: Why your research matters in that particular area of research and the industry problem that can be targeted

Why is the introduction important in a research paper?

The research paper introduction conveys a lot of information and can be considered an essential roadmap for the rest of your paper. A good introduction for a research paper is important for the following reasons:

• It stimulates your reader’s interest: A good introduction section can make your readers want to read your paper by capturing their interest. It informs the reader what they are going to learn and helps determine if the topic is of interest to them.
• It helps the reader understand the research background: Without a clear introduction, your readers may feel confused and even struggle when reading your paper. A good research paper introduction will prepare them for the in-depth research to come. It provides you the opportunity to engage with the readers and demonstrate your knowledge and authority on the specific topic.
• It explains why your research paper is worth reading: Your introduction can convey a lot of information to your readers. It introduces the topic, why the topic is important, and how you plan to proceed with your research.
• It helps guide the reader through the rest of the paper: The research paper introduction gives the reader a sense of the nature of the information that will support your arguments and the general organization of the paragraphs that will follow.

What are the parts of introduction in the research?

A good research paper introduction section should comprise three main elements: 2

• What is known: This sets the stage for your research. It informs the readers of what is known on the subject.
• What is lacking: This is aimed at justifying the reason for carrying out your research. This could involve investigating a new concept or method or building upon previous research.
• What you aim to do: This part briefly states the objectives of your research and its major contributions. Your detailed hypothesis will also form a part of this section.

How to write a research paper introduction?

The first step in writing the research paper introduction is to inform the reader what your topic is and why it’s interesting or important. This is generally accomplished with a strong opening statement. The second step involves establishing the kinds of research that have been done and ending with limitations or gaps in the research that you intend to address.

Finally, the research paper introduction clarifies how your own research fits in and what problem it addresses. If your research involved testing hypotheses, these should be stated along with your research question. The hypothesis should be presented in the past tense since it will have been tested by the time you are writing the research paper introduction.

The following key points, with examples, can guide you when writing the research paper introduction section:

1. Introduce the research topic:

• Highlight the importance of the research field or topic
• Describe the background of the topic
• Present an overview of current research on the topic

Example: The inclusion of experiential and competency-based learning has benefitted electronics engineering education. Industry partnerships provide an excellent alternative for students wanting to engage in solving real-world challenges. Industry-academia participation has grown in recent years due to the need for skilled engineers with practical training and specialized expertise. However, from the educational perspective, many activities are needed to incorporate sustainable development goals into the university curricula and consolidate learning innovation in universities.

2. Determine a research niche:

• Reveal a gap in existing research or oppose an existing assumption
• Formulate the research question

Example: There have been plausible efforts to integrate educational activities in higher education electronics engineering programs. However, very few studies have considered using educational research methods for performance evaluation of competency-based higher engineering education, with a focus on technical and or transversal skills. To remedy the current need for evaluating competencies in STEM fields and providing sustainable development goals in engineering education, in this study, a comparison was drawn between study groups without and with industry partners.

3. Place your research within the research niche:

• State the purpose of your study
• Highlight the key characteristics of your study
• Describe important results
• Highlight the novelty of the study.
• Offer a brief overview of the structure of the paper.

Example: The study evaluates the main competency needed in the applied electronics course, which is a fundamental core subject for many electronics engineering undergraduate programs. We compared two groups, without and with an industrial partner, that offered real-world projects to solve during the semester. This comparison can help determine significant differences in both groups in terms of developing subject competency and achieving sustainable development goals.

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How to use Paperpal to write the Introduction section

Step 1: Sign up/log in to Paperpal and click on the Templates feature, under this choose Outlines > Research Article .

Step 2:  Choose the section of the research article you wish to get an outline for and fill the other details like Field of study,  Brief description of study.

Step 3: Based on your inputs, Paperpal generates an outline for your research paper introduction. Check the introduction and personalize it according to your research paper topic.

Step 4: Use this outline and sentence suggestions to develop your content, search for relevant references and cite them in your research paper draft effortlessly with Paperpal. 

Step 5: Once your research paper introduction is done, check for grammatical errors with Paperpal’s language checks and prepare it for submission. 

You can use the same process to develop each section of your article, and finally your research paper in half the time and without any of the stress.

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Key points to remember

Remember the following key points for writing a good research paper introduction: 4

• Avoid stuffing too much general information: Avoid including what an average reader would know and include only that information related to the problem being addressed in the research paper introduction. For example, when describing a comparative study of non-traditional methods for mechanical design optimization, information related to the traditional methods and differences between traditional and non-traditional methods would not be relevant. In this case, the introduction for the research paper should begin with the state-of-the-art non-traditional methods and methods to evaluate the efficiency of newly developed algorithms.
• Avoid packing too many references: Cite only the required works in your research paper introduction. The other works can be included in the discussion section to strengthen your findings.
• Avoid extensive criticism of previous studies: Avoid being overly critical of earlier studies while setting the rationale for your study. A better place for this would be the Discussion section, where you can highlight the advantages of your method.
• Avoid describing conclusions of the study: When writing a research paper introduction remember not to include the findings of your study. The aim is to let the readers know what question is being answered. The actual answer should only be given in the Results and Discussion section.

To summarize, the research paper introduction section should be brief yet informative. It should convince the reader the need to conduct the study and motivate him to read further. If you’re feeling stuck or unsure, choose trusted AI academic writing assistants like Paperpal to effortlessly craft your research paper introduction and other sections of your research article.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the purpose of the introduction in research papers.

The purpose of the research paper introduction is to introduce the reader to the problem definition, justify the need for the study, and describe the main theme of the study. The aim is to gain the reader’s attention by providing them with necessary background information and establishing the main purpose and direction of the research.

How long should the research paper introduction be?

The length of the research paper introduction can vary across journals and disciplines. While there are no strict word limits for writing the research paper introduction, an ideal length would be one page, with a maximum of 400 words over 1-4 paragraphs. Generally, it is one of the shorter sections of the paper as the reader is assumed to have at least a reasonable knowledge about the topic. 2

For example, for a study evaluating the role of building design in ensuring fire safety, there is no need to discuss definitions and nature of fire in the introduction; you could start by commenting upon the existing practices for fire safety and how your study will add to the existing knowledge and practice.

What should be included in the research paper introduction?

When deciding what to include in the research paper introduction, the rest of the paper should also be considered. The aim is to introduce the reader smoothly to the topic and facilitate an easy read without much dependency on external sources. 3

Below is a list of elements you can include to prepare a research paper introduction outline and follow it when you are writing the research paper introduction.

• Topic introduction: This can include key definitions and a brief history of the topic.
• Research context and background: Offer the readers some general information and then narrow it down to specific aspects.
• Details of the research you conducted: A brief literature review can be included to support your arguments or line of thought.
• Rationale for the study: This establishes the relevance of your study and establishes its importance.
• Importance of your research: The main contributions are highlighted to help establish the novelty of your study
• Research hypothesis: Introduce your research question and propose an expected outcome. Organization of the paper: Include a short paragraph of 3-4 sentences that highlights your plan for the entire paper

Should I include citations in the introduction for a research paper?

Cite only works that are most relevant to your topic; as a general rule, you can include one to three. Note that readers want to see evidence of original thinking. So it is better to avoid using too many references as it does not leave much room for your personal standpoint to shine through.

Citations in your research paper introduction support the key points, and the number of citations depend on the subject matter and the point discussed. If the research paper introduction is too long or overflowing with citations, it is better to cite a few review articles rather than the individual articles summarized in the review.

A good point to remember when citing research papers in the introduction section is to include at least one-third of the references in the introduction.

Should I provide a literature review in the research paper introduction?

The literature review plays a significant role in the research paper introduction section. A good literature review accomplishes the following:

• Introduces the topic
• Establishes the study’s significance
• Provides an overview of the relevant literature
• Provides context for the study using literature
• Identifies knowledge gaps

However, remember to avoid making the following mistakes when writing a research paper introduction:

• Do not use studies from the literature review to aggressively support your research
• Avoid direct quoting
• Do not allow literature review to be the focus of this section. Instead, the literature review should only aid in setting a foundation for the manuscript. 
• Jawaid, S. A., & Jawaid, M. (2019). How to write introduction and discussion. Saudi Journal of Anaesthesia, 13(Suppl 1), S18.
• Dewan, P., & Gupta, P. (2016). Writing the title, abstract and introduction: Looks matter!. Indian pediatrics, 53, 235-241.
• Cetin, S., & Hackam, D. J. (2005). An approach to the writing of a scientific Manuscript1. Journal of Surgical Research, 128(2), 165-167.
• Bavdekar, S. B. (2015). Writing introduction: Laying the foundations of a research paper. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India, 63(7), 44-6.

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How To Make an Oral Presentation of Your Research

You’ve been working on your research for months, and now that it’s finished, or almost there, you need to make an oral presentation. Perhaps you are applying to attend the ACC Meeting of the Minds undergraduate research conference. Maybe you would like to participate in the Undergraduate Research Symposium in the spring semester here at UVA. Here are some tips to help you bring order to the ideas swirling in your head—and communicate the key points about your research to an audience.

Timing. Find out how long your talk should be. As you decide what to present, keep in mind that a ten-minute talk is very different from a 45-minute lecture. If you only have ten minutes, you’ll need to focus on the most important points. With more time, you’ll still need to focus on those points, but you’ll be able to present additional supporting detail. Time yourself giving your talk, and make cuts if you need to. It is fine to end a bit early. Going overtime shows your lack of preparation.

Audience. Find out what sort of audience will listen to your talk. Specialists in your field will bring a different sort of understanding to your presentation from a general audience; you may be able to use certain technical terms without defining them, but always beware of jargon and acronyms. With a general audience, you need to ask yourself what educated people not in your field will know, define any terms that may be unfamiliar to them, and make an effort to explain the significance of your research in terms the listeners are likely to understand.

Content. Students often think they need to explain every single thing they know or be perceived as knowing too little. This is not true. Giving a talk is a great opportunity to think about the big picture rather than focusing on details. This can be hard if you are immersed in the specifics of your project.

Step back for a moment to before you became the expert on your particular topic. What piqued your interest? Why did you start asking the questions you asked? Now step into the future. When you look back on this research, what will you remember as the most interesting or compelling thing you learned? Were there surprises?

Now you are ready to ask yourself: What are the points I want to convey? What do I want the audience to learn? When audience members remember my talk the following day, what main point do I want them to remember?

• introduce yourself;
• present your research question and why it matters;
• describe how you conducted your research,
• explain what you found out and what it means; and
• conclude with a summary of your main points.

Depending on your topic, you may need to provide background information so that the audience understands the significance of your inquiry. Be judicious in the amount of information you give, and do not let this discussion get you off track. Once you’ve provided sufficient background, bring the focus back to your research by reminding the audience of your research question.

Do not even think of opening PowerPoint until you have organized your ideas and decided on your main points. If you need guidance, see below for a sample oral presentation outline.

PowerPoint. You should treat PowerPoint as a useful tool. You can use it to incorporate images into your presentation , to emphasize important points , and to guide your audience in following your argument . You should not use it for anything else.

This means:

Don’t present too much information on the slides. The audience cannot read a long section of text and simultaneously listen to you speak about it. If you really must provide a long quotation, then highlight the words and phrases you want to emphasize, and read the quote out loud, slowly, so the audience can absorb it.

Do explain to your audience what each chart or graph indicates. Use charts and graphs to convey information clearly, not simply to show that you did the work.

Don’t spend extra time on making a fancy PowerPoint presentation with moving images and graphics unless they are vital for communicating your ideas.

Do be prepared to give your talk even if technology fails. If your charts don’t look quite right on the screen, or you forget your flash drive, or there’s a power outage, or half the audience can’t see the screen, you should still be able to make an effective presentation. (Bring a printout to speak from, just in case any of these disasters befalls you.)

Tone. It is best to approach your prepared talk as a somewhat formal occasion. Treat your audience—and your topic—with respect. Even if you know everyone in the room, introduce yourself. Don’t address audience members as “you guys.” Dress neatly. Most of all, share your enthusiasm for your subject.

Practice speaking slowly and clearly. If you want to emphasize an important point, repeat it. Practice speaking slowly and clearly.

You don’t need to read your talk, and in fact you should avoid doing so. But you should speak it out loud enough times that you know when there are points that tend to trip you up, where you might have a tendency to throw in something new and get off track, and whether some of your transitions are not smooth enough.

And, of course, time yourself. Make cuts if you need to.

Practice again.

Sample Oral Presentation Outline

Introduction Hello, my name is ____.  I am a ___-year student at the University of Virginia majoring in ____.  I’m going to talk to you today about my research on _____. 

Context of research

• I had the opportunity to join Professor ____’s lab, where the research focus is____.
• This is research for my Distinguished Majors thesis….
• I got interested in this area because ….

Research question and significance

• I wanted to find out _______[insert your research question].
• This is an important question because _____. OR This question interested me because ______.

Research methods/design

• I thought the best way to answer this question would be by ______. 
• I chose this method because….

Research activity Here’s what I did:  _______.

Results Here’s what I found out:  ______.

Significance of results/where this research might lead

• This result matters because….
• Now that I’ve learned this, I see that some other questions to ask are….

Conclusion/Summary of main points I set out to answer ______ [research question] by _______ [research methods].  And I discovered that ______ [brief statement of results].  This was interesting because _____ [significance]/This will help us understand ____.<

Acknowledgments

• I am grateful to my advisor, Professor _____, for her guidance.…
• My work was supported by a _____ award.  OR I’d like to thank the ____ Family for their generosity.

Questions I would be happy to take your questions.

How to Present a Research Paper? (Templates Included)

Last updated on September 4th, 2024

Research paper presentations are required in our academic progress. As a researcher, you must often present a research paper and convey your ideas to the audience. But research paper presentations have unique requirements that must be fulfilled for asserting the audience of your talk.

It can be quite challenging for a research presentation not to bore the audience and enthusiastically present the research paper, but if you follow the necessary steps, you can easily convey your ideas and grab the audience’s attention in no time . 

In this article, we go through how to present a research paper, why you would need to create a research presentation, and discuss the APA style of citing research papers. 

Lastly, we have also included research paper PowerPoint presentation examples at the end of this article to help you conveniently create the perfect research paper presentation in a short amount of time. 

How to Present a Research Paper?

A research presentation is typically 10 minutes long and needs to be formally presented in front of a panel of audience or, in the case of a seminar, a group of people. Here are some important points to help you understand how to present a research paper.

1. How Should the Title of a Research Paper be Presented?

An important part of any research paper presentation is its title which needs to be presented directly and with an interesting take to catch the audience’s attention . It is the first impression that you leave on your audience and helps build the momentum for your upcoming talk. Keep it short and concise. Stretching it out will use your precious talk time, which should be for the crucial parts of the presentation. 

2. Introduction

Next is the introduction you need to cover by giving an overview of your research paper. See it like the abstract of any research paper that lets the readers or, in the research paper presentation’s case, the audience know what the presentation will be about. 

Take the opportunity to introduce yourself and offer a statement about your overall presentation. Explain why your research findings are useful for the audience and how they can help them achieve their goals or solve problems. Clearly define your hypothesis statement to indicate what is yet to come in your presentation. 

3. Main Body of the Presentation

The main body of the presentation should have the most important information your audience needs to know about. In most cases, the findings of the presentation are the most important. Still, in some cases, the methodology followed must also be highlighted and discussed to attract the audience’s attention. 

Ask yourself the most important part the audience needs to know about that signifies the benefit of your research and its findings. Identify the main points and record them to have a set of central points to plan your presentation. Keep the main issues short and to the point when talking about them. Going too much into detail will exceed your presentation time and will not be good for the audience’s attention span. 

4. Use Graphics, including Charts, Graphs, Infographics and Pictures

To clarify the concepts, support arguments, and offer a visual impact, use graphics including tables, flowcharts, graphs, charts, images, infographics and diagrams in your research paper presentation. Visual slides will help make your presentation appealing and memorable. 

Use flowcharts to explain a process flow and its outcomes. Graphs depict statistics in visual form and compare numerical data. Add supporting images and diagrams where necessary. And use charts to show the relationship between elements. 

Pro Tip: A research paper is sometimes presented with the help of a poster presentation . You can learn more on how to make a winning poster presentation in this article published by SlideModel.

But do remember not to over do it. Keep the text short and concise with a reasonable number of graphics to make it attractive and enable you to convey your message better.

5. Offer Supporting Documents

A research presentation is just a narrowed-down version of your research paper with extensively detailed information on the topic, literature review, methodology, findings, and implications. Therefore, along with your research presentation, be sure to offer supporting documents as required. 

If you are applying for a job and giving a research presentation as a part of the interview process, then be sure to provide a CV with a list of your published articles and a cover letter. 

In case of a funding request, submit a proposal when presenting to let the investors and sponsors know your requirements. 

Seminar and conference presentations often do not need supporting documents, but handing a summary of your research paper and its significance can be good for those interested in your research. Poster presentations can also be part of the supporting documents to be included as part of your research project.

6. Prepare a Summary of the Presentation

When concluding your research paper presentation, offer a brief summary of the main points and highlight the significance of your findings . Make a specific request if any action is needed from the audience or the panel of professionals. 

Acknowledge the collaborators and mentors, tell the audience the next steps, and share your contact information with them so they can contact you when required.  

7. Answer Any Underlying Questions

In the end, you can hold a question-and-answer session to answer any underlying queries the audience might have. You can have some questions of your own to stimulate a discussion among the audience and take in questions to answer, making it interactive. 

To prepare for this, write a list of possible questions the audience might have and prepare short, clear-cut answers. Make sure to go through your research paper deeply, so you can answer any question the audience asks and maintain your authority on the matter.  

Reasons for Creating a Research Presentation

Research paper presentations have their unique purpose, and you need to identify your reason for creating a research presentation to be able to properly convey your message and fulfill the purpose of presenting . Here are a few reasons why you would need to create a research presentation.

1. Dissertation Defense

A dissertation defense is commonly required in academic settings where you must defend your research paper’s content in front of a panel of qualified professionals and professors. Also known as a thesis defense , the panel examines and evaluates the presenter’s work and cross-questions their ideas to determine the validity of the paper’s contents. The goal is to defend your thesis and have the examiners approve of your contribution to research. 

2. Academic Job Interview

If you are applying for an academic job, you might need to present a research paper to a panel of professionals and interviewers. Your purpose is to inform, influence, and summarize your research findings and present them coherently to pass the interview and land the job. The audience of an academic job interview may include the department heads, HR managers, and other experts that are knowledgeable in the field. 

Pro Tip: Check out our free Job Interview PowerPoint template to prepare a compelling job interview presentation.

3. Conference/Seminar

Research papers are often presented at conferences and seminars to inform, educate, or inform the audience about the topic. The presentation influences the audience of your point of view about a certain topic, creates a name for the presenter in the field, and increases his/her network circle, resulting in more opportunities for research collaborations, jobs, and partnerships.

The audience of a research conference or seminar typically includes professionals with similar interests or experts in the same field looking for further collaboration opportunities and building up their networks.

4. Funding Request

Research findings can also be presented to a panel of investors to seek funding and obtain opportunities for expansion in any project. The research paper presentation’s purpose is to influence the investors and convince them of your ideas and propositions to receive the necessary funding for starting or expanding any project or business or visualize the concept. 

The audience of a funding request research presentation could be commercial sponsors, grant-giving bodies, and investors looking to solve a business problem and help qualified and experienced professionals get the funding they require. 

What should I do if I have to use the APA style?

APA style is a format for documenting references and includes in-text citations and citing sources at the end of each research paper. 

What Is APA Style?

APA stands for American Psychological Association , a commonly used style of documenting sources in research papers . The standard is used for scientific writing to help authors cite their findings and avoid plagiarism by giving credit to the researcher. It follows the author-date method for in-text citation, as well as a complete list of references at the end of the paper. 

Popularly used in psychology, education, and social science, the APA style was first introduced in 1929, when the Psychological Bulletin laid out its basic guidelines to help authors standardize their citations. APA formatIt makes it easier for readers and the audience to understand the text by knowing their sources and simplifies the research paper structure. 

How to Cite a Research Paper in a PowerPoint Presentation?

When presenting a research paper, you can cite sources in-text on each slide to let the audience know the source of information. You can also cite crucial references verbally in correspondence with in-text citations. 

To verbally let the audience know the source, you can express the argument by stating who said it. The words claim, add, argues, illustrates, grants, notes, observes, suggests, etc. are often used to cite the reference. 

To cite a PowerPoint in text using APA format, you must include the author and date of the presentation.

Another way is to include a reference slide at the end of your presentation. The audience must know where you got the statistics, visuals, facts, and other information. There should be no room for questioning the validity or source of any data. 

How to Present a Research Paper in 5 Minutes?

If time is restricted in your research paper presentation, it is important to plan ahead and practice discussing each slide in 1 minute or less. Give more time to the most important slides, such as the problem, motivation, and its proposed approach or solution. Just stick to 5 to 7 slides and no more to keep your talk short and avoid any unnecessary delays on swiping slides back and forth.  

How to Convert a Research Paper Into a Presentation?

You can convert a research paper into a presentation by summarizing its main points and focusing on the crucial aspects of the subject matter . Research papers are often quite detailed, and compiling them in a 5 to 10-minute presentation can be challenging. Still, it is possible to gather only the most important data to support your arguments. You can also use ChatGPT with GPT 4 with a proper prompt to summarize the research paper and prepare the presentation outline and content. You can use ChatGPT to merge the text and visual comprehension to make the presentation more appealing.

Make clear statements about the problem and its solutions, and convey the essence of the research paper in bullets to keep it short. Visualize your findings to make them appealing and easy to understand, and indicate the essential details through charts, graphs, and other graphics to make them interesting.  

Examples of PowerPoint Templates for Research Presentation

Powerpoint is a great tool to create your research paper presentation effectively, but one might not have the time to design and build the perfect theme for the research paper from scratch. Therefore, you can use research paper PowerPoint presentation examples to create your own research presentation within just a few minutes. 

• Free Scientific Research PowerPoint Template 
• Free Chemistry Presentation Template
• Free Science Research PowerPoint Template
• Free Internet Research PowerPoint Template
• Research Powerpoint Template
• Free Market Research PowerPoint Template
• Free Research Timeline PowerPoint Template

Alternatively, you can download a Free Research Presentation Template for PowerPoint & Google Slides from reputable PPT template providers, such as SlideModel. Here is a preview of the free Research PowerPoint template.

This presentation slide template for PowerPoint contains useful slides that you can use to present a Research Paper to an audience. For example, find out slides such as Introduction, Research Questions & Hypotheses, Literature Review & Theory, Methods & Data Collection, Data Presentation & Findings as well as slides with infographics & data charts. Finally, present your conclusions with a simple & neat conclusions slide as the last slide of the presentation.

An effective research paper presentation needs to be engaging, interactive, and memorable, and that can only be achieved by properly planning out the outline of your presentation and adding the necessary information . Combining text with graphics, asking relevant questions, and answering them clearly during the presentation will establish your authority on the matter and show you as an expert researcher.

Furthermore, having a decent research paper presentation design can help you achieve success in your presentation. The templates provided can help you design and create the perfect research presentation for your upcoming talk and help you attain your purpose.  

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A 10-15 Minute Scientific Presentation, Part 1: Creating an Introduction

For many young scientists, the hardest part of a presentation is the introduction. How do you set the stage for your talk so your audience knows exactly where you're going?

Here's how: follow the the CCQH pattern -- C ontext, C omplication, Q uestion, H ypothesis. Fit your research into this pattern, and you will be able to introduce your work in just a few minutes, using just 1 or 2 slides.

The video below show how to use the CCQH pattern using an example of published scientific research. You will see how powerful -- and how adapatable -- the CCQH pattern is.

Make sure you select 720p HD on the video (bottom right corner) for best resolution and so scientific illustrations and figures are clear.

You can also find this video, and others related to scientific communication, at the CLIMB youtube channel: http://www.youtube.com/climbprogram

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Scientific report writing

• Title and Abstract
• Introduction
• Discussion and Conclusion

Learning objectives

This resource will help you:

• Understand the purpose of an introduction in scientific report writing. 
• Identify the main parts and structure of an introduction in a scientific journal article. 
• Plan an introduction based on this structure. 
• To confidently design and write an introduction.

Overview of the introduction

The introduction is where we first introduce the reader to our study topic, so it is important to set the scene so that our reader has all the information needed to understand the rest of the report. We want to summarise key background information on current knowledge related to the study and identify how the study will help to extend or expand upon it (Kumar, 2023; Sauaia et al., 2014). The introduction should therefore answer the following three questions:  

• What do we know about this topic?  This is your background information. 
• What do we not know about this topic? This is your knowledge gap. 
• How does your study aim to fill this knowledge gap? This is your research question, hypothesis, or purpose statement. 

Structure of the introduction

To answer these three questions, we need to start broad and gradually narrow our focus. This is called the “funnel effect” (Baron, 2019) as shown in Figure 1 below:  

Figure 1. Funnel structure of an introduction. Note the transition from a broad to narrow focus as you move through the introduction. Figure adapted from Baron, R (2019, May 16). 3 fundamental principles of writing an effective introduction to your journal article . asiaedit .

Tips for writing an introduction

Step-by-step guide to writing an introduction  .

While following the below steps, ensure you always keep this question in mind:  What does the reader need to know to understand my experiment?  

Step1  

• Make a list of keywords related to your experiment, research question, or assignment topic. 
• Use these keywords to do some background research on the topic by creating a search strategy as suggested in the ' Research skills tutorial ' (please see  Additional resources below for this link).
• Good starting points are recent meta-analyses or systematic reviews to get a broad overview of the topic and help you find more sources
• Compile a list of some relevant sources and start to look through them.
• When reading, skim the title and abstract first to check for relevance before committing to reading the other sections.
• Keep an eye out for information that relates to the main parts of the introduction: what we know , what we do not know , and how your study helps to fill this gap .
• For effective reading and notetaking strategies, have a look at the ' Reading and notetaking ' library guide (please see  Additional resources below for this link).
• Synthesise and organise your research notes according to the five funnel segments presented in Figure 1. 
• Attempt a first draft of your introduction. 
• Edit and refine your draft introduction.
• Remember you can come back and make further edits after you draft other sections as well.   

Sentence starters

When drafting your introduction, consider using some of the key phrases shown in Table 1 to signpost to your reader (and your marker!) what we know , what we do not know , and how your study helps to fill this gap .

Additional resources

• Academic Phrasebank (The University of Manchester) Get some ideas for high quality sentence starters from the Academic Phrasebank.
• Research skills tutorial (UniSC) Check out this resource from UniSC Library to learn how to deal effectively with information in six steps.
• Reading and notetaking (UniSC) This resource will help you develop effective reading and notetaking strategies.

This video (9:57 min) from the Saginaw Valley State University (SVSU Science Writing; 2021) provides an overview of the introduction in the IMRaD format, including information on what a hypothesis is and some examples. 

Access Student Services

• Services and support (UniSC) UniSC offers a range of services for students, including help with academic skills, careers and employability advice, library support, and accessibility and wellbeing services. Visit Services and Support on the Student Portal to find out more.

Your input matters: Shape the future of academic skills support!

• Scientific report writing - Feedback (UniSC) Help us help you! Share your thoughts on our new Scientific Report Writing Guide and shape the resources that will support your academic success. It will take less than 5 minutes to complete this feedback form.

Baron, R (2019, May 16). 3 fundamental principles of writing an effective introduction to your journal article . asiaedit . 

Kumar, P. (2023). Improving IMRaD for writing research articles in social, and health sciences. International Research Journal of Economics and Management Studies, 2 (1), 50-53. https://doi.org10.56472/25835238/IRJEMS-V2I1P107  

Sauaia, A., Moore, E. E., Crebs, J. L., Maier, R. V., Hoyt, D. B., & Shackford, S. R. (2014). The anatomy of an article: Title, abstract, and introduction. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 76 (5), 1322-1327. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000000210

SVSU Science Writing. (2021, June 18). The IMRaD format: the introduction  [Video]. YouTube.

The University of Manchester. (2023). Academic phrasebank . 

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Home » Research Paper Introduction – Writing Guide and Examples

Research Paper Introduction – Writing Guide and Examples

Table of Contents

Research Paper Introduction

The introduction of a research paper serves as the first impression and sets the stage for the rest of the study. It provides background information, introduces the research topic, establishes the purpose of the paper, and guides readers toward the research question or thesis statement. A well-crafted introduction helps readers understand the significance of the study and its broader context, making them eager to read further.

Purpose of a Research Paper Introduction

The main purpose of a research paper introduction is to:

• Present the Research Topic : Define the scope and relevance of the topic.
• Provide Background Information : Offer a brief overview of existing research, theories, or key concepts.
• State the Research Problem : Explain the issue or gap in the literature that the study addresses.
• Highlight the Study’s Significance : Convey why the research matters and its potential impact.
• Outline the Research Objectives or Questions : Indicate the specific goals or questions guiding the study.
• Conclude with a Thesis Statement : Summarize the main argument or position the paper will take.

Example : For a research paper on the effects of remote work on employee productivity, the introduction could outline the growing popularity of remote work, discuss previous findings on productivity in traditional office settings, and present a research question exploring the impact of remote work environments.

Key Elements of a Research Paper Introduction

To write an effective introduction, include the following elements:

1. Opening Hook

The opening hook is a compelling sentence that captures the reader’s attention. It could be an interesting fact, statistic, anecdote, or quote that draws readers into the topic.

Example : “In 2020, over 42% of the U.S. workforce transitioned to remote work, a shift that redefined traditional notions of productivity and work-life balance.”

2. Background Information

Provide context by discussing the topic, relevant concepts, and any key studies. This section should briefly address what is already known about the topic and why it matters, setting the stage for your research problem.

Example : “Remote work has been a growing trend in the modern workplace, with numerous studies examining its effects on employee satisfaction, work-life balance, and overall productivity.”

3. Research Problem or Gap

Identify the specific research problem or gap that the study addresses. Highlighting this gap shows readers what remains unexplored or unresolved within the topic.

Example : “While previous research has focused on remote work’s impact on job satisfaction, little is known about how it directly influences productivity metrics compared to traditional office settings.”

4. Purpose and Significance of the Study

Explain why the research is important and how it contributes to existing knowledge. State the potential benefits, applications, or implications of your findings.

Example : “Understanding how remote work impacts productivity can help businesses develop strategies to optimize employee performance in virtual environments.”

5. Research Objectives or Questions

Specify the objectives or main research questions guiding the study. These should be concise and directly related to the research problem.

Example : “This study aims to investigate how remote work environments affect productivity and whether these effects vary across different industries.”

6. Thesis Statement or Hypothesis

Conclude the introduction with a clear thesis statement or hypothesis that reflects the study’s main argument or anticipated findings.

Example : “The paper hypothesizes that remote work positively affects productivity levels among employees, particularly in technology-driven fields.”

Step-by-Step Guide to Writing a Research Paper Introduction

Step 1: start with a hook.

Begin your introduction with a hook that captures the reader’s attention. Use a surprising fact, an intriguing statistic, or a thought-provoking question to set the tone.

Example : “As digital technologies continue to evolve, remote work has become more accessible, transforming the traditional office into a virtual workspace.”

Step 2: Provide Background Information

Build on the hook by offering essential context for the topic. Discuss the main concepts, relevant literature, or trends, and introduce any foundational theories or studies that relate to your research.

Example : “Over the past decade, remote work has become an increasingly popular option, driven by advancements in communication technologies and shifts in work culture.”

Step 3: Define the Research Problem or Gap

Clearly state the research problem, emphasizing the specific gap in the existing literature that your study addresses. This step is critical for justifying your study’s relevance.

Example : “Despite extensive research on employee productivity, few studies have examined the impact of remote work environments compared to traditional office settings.”

Step 4: Explain the Study’s Significance

Describe why the study is important and its potential contributions to the field. Explain how it will advance understanding or provide insights that can inform policy, practice, or further research.

Example : “Understanding productivity in remote work environments is essential for companies that seek to optimize performance in a changing work landscape.”

Step 5: Outline the Research Objectives or Questions

List the main objectives or research questions that the study seeks to address. These should be directly related to the research problem and specify the study’s focus.

Example : “This paper investigates how remote work affects employee productivity and identifies factors that may influence performance in virtual settings.”

Step 6: End with a Thesis Statement or Hypothesis

Wrap up the introduction with a clear thesis statement or hypothesis that provides a concise summary of the paper’s main argument or expected findings.

Example : “The study hypothesizes that remote work environments enhance productivity due to reduced commute times, flexible schedules, and a more personalized workspace.”

Examples of Research Paper Introductions

Example 1: social media and mental health.

Hook : “With over 3.6 billion people using social media globally, digital interactions are now a significant part of everyday life.”

Background : “While social media platforms provide opportunities for connection, recent studies suggest that excessive use may have negative implications for mental health, particularly among young adults.”

Research Problem : “Despite the prevalence of social media, its impact on mental health remains underexplored, especially concerning anxiety and self-esteem.”

Purpose and Significance : “By examining the relationship between social media use and mental well-being, this study aims to provide insights that can inform healthier digital habits.”

Research Question : “What is the relationship between social media use and levels of anxiety and self-esteem among young adults?”

Thesis Statement : “This paper posits that excessive social media use is associated with higher levels of anxiety and lower self-esteem.”

Example 2: Renewable Energy Adoption

Hook : “As the world grapples with climate change, renewable energy sources offer a sustainable solution for reducing carbon emissions.”

Background : “The shift toward renewable energy has accelerated in recent years, with solar, wind, and hydroelectric power accounting for a growing share of global energy production.”

Research Problem : “However, the adoption of renewable energy varies significantly between developed and developing countries, and factors influencing this disparity are not fully understood.”

Purpose and Significance : “This study examines the barriers to renewable energy adoption in developing countries, identifying key economic, social, and policy challenges.”

Research Question : “What are the primary barriers to renewable energy adoption in developing nations, and how can these be addressed?”

Thesis Statement : “The paper argues that economic constraints and lack of supportive policies are the main obstacles to renewable energy adoption in developing countries.”

Tips for Writing an Effective Research Paper Introduction

• Be Clear and Concise : Avoid unnecessary details. Stick to key points that introduce the topic and set up your study.
• Engage the Reader : Use an interesting hook or fact to draw the reader in and make them curious about your research.
• Provide Relevant Background : Offer just enough context to help readers understand the topic without overwhelming them.
• State the Research Problem : Clearly articulate the issue or gap that your research addresses, as this helps justify the study.
• Write a Strong Thesis Statement : Ensure your thesis statement or hypothesis clearly reflects the main objective of the study.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

• Being Too Vague : Avoid general statements that lack specificity. Clearly define your topic and research problem.
• Providing Too Much Detail : Keep background information brief and to the point; avoid including data or analysis in the introduction.
• Forgetting the Research Problem : Make sure to state the research problem or gap, as it helps readers understand the study’s purpose.
• Weak Thesis Statement : Avoid vague or broad thesis statements. A strong thesis provides a clear direction for the study.

A well-structured introduction is essential for capturing the reader’s attention and setting up the foundation of a research paper. By including a compelling hook, relevant background, a defined research problem, clear objectives, and a concise thesis statement, you can craft an effective introduction that guides readers into your study. Remember to maintain clarity, stay focused, and emphasize the significance of your research.

• Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
• Swales, J. M., & Feak, C. B. (2012). Academic Writing for Graduate Students: Essential Tasks and Skills (3rd ed.). University of Michigan Press.
• Silvia, P. J. (2007). How to Write a Lot: A Practical Guide to Productive Academic Writing . American Psychological Association.
• Swales, J., & Feak, C. B. (2000). English in Today’s Research World: A Writing Guide . University of Michigan Press.
• Booth, W. C., Colomb, G. G., & Williams, J. M. (2008). The Craft of Research (3rd ed.). University of Chicago Press.

About the author

Muhammad Hassan

Researcher, Academic Writer, Web developer

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• How to present a research paper in PPT: best practices

A research paper presentation is frequently used at conferences and other events where you have a chance to share the results of your research and receive feedback from colleagues. Although it may appear as simple as summarizing the findings, successful examples of research paper presentations show that there is a little bit more to it.

In this article, we’ll walk you through the basic outline and steps to create a good research paper presentation. We’ll also explain what to include and what not to include in your presentation of research paper and share some of the most effective tips you can use to take your slides to the next level.

Research paper PowerPoint presentation outline

Creating a PowerPoint presentation for a research paper involves organizing and summarizing your key findings, methodology, and conclusions in a way that encourages your audience to interact with your work and share their interest in it with others. Here’s a basic research paper outline PowerPoint you can follow:

1. Title (1 slide)

Typically, your title slide should contain the following information:

• Title of the research paper
• Affiliation or institution
• Date of presentation

2. Introduction (1-3 slides)

On this slide of your presentation, briefly introduce the research topic and its significance and state the research question or objective.

3. Research questions or hypothesis (1 slide)

This slide should emphasize the objectives of your research or present the hypothesis.

4. Literature review (1 slide)

Your literature review has to provide context for your research by summarizing relevant literature. Additionally, it should highlight gaps or areas where your research contributes.

5. Methodology and data collection (1-2 slides)

This slide of your research paper PowerPoint has to explain the research design, methods, and procedures. It must also Include details about participants, materials, and data collection and emphasize special equipment you have used in your work.

6. Results (3-5 slides)

On this slide, you must present the results of your data analysis and discuss any trends, patterns, or significant findings. Moreover, you should use charts, graphs, and tables to illustrate data and highlight something novel in your results (if applicable).

7. Conclusion (1 slide)

Your conclusion slide has to summarize the main findings and their implications, as well as discuss the broader impact of your research. Usually, a single statement is enough.

8. Recommendations (1 slide)

If applicable, provide recommendations for future research or actions on this slide.

9. References (1-2 slides)

The references slide is where you list all the sources cited in your research paper.

10. Acknowledgments (1 slide)

On this presentation slide, acknowledge any individuals, organizations, or funding sources that contributed to your research.

11. Appendix (1 slide)

If applicable, include any supplementary materials, such as additional data or detailed charts, in your appendix slide.

The above outline is just a general guideline, so make sure to adjust it based on your specific research paper and the time allotted for the presentation.

Steps to creating a memorable research paper presentation

Creating a PowerPoint presentation for a research paper involves several critical steps needed to convey your findings and engage your audience effectively, and these steps are as follows:

Step 1. Understand your audience:

• Identify the audience for your presentation.
• Tailor your content and level of detail to match the audience’s background and knowledge.

Step 2. Define your key messages:

• Clearly articulate the main messages or findings of your research.
• Identify the key points you want your audience to remember.

Step 3. Design your research paper PPT presentation:

• Use a clean and professional design that complements your research topic.
• Choose readable fonts, consistent formatting, and a limited color palette.
• Opt for PowerPoint presentation services if slide design is not your strong side.

Step 4. Put content on slides:

• Follow the outline above to structure your presentation effectively; include key sections and topics.
• Organize your content logically, following the flow of your research paper.

Step 5. Final check:

• Proofread your slides for typos, errors, and inconsistencies.
• Ensure all visuals are clear, high-quality, and properly labeled.

Step 6. Save and share:

• Save your presentation and ensure compatibility with the equipment you’ll be using.
• If necessary, share a copy of your presentation with the audience.

By following these steps, you can create a well-organized and visually appealing research paper presentation PowerPoint that effectively conveys your research findings to the audience.

What to include and what not to include in your presentation

In addition to the must-know PowerPoint presentation recommendations, which we’ll cover later in this article, consider the following do’s and don’ts when you’re putting together your research paper presentation:

• Focus on the topic.
• Be brief and to the point.
• Attract the audience’s attention and highlight interesting details.
• Use only relevant visuals (maps, charts, pictures, graphs, etc.).
• Use numbers and bullet points to structure the content.
• Make clear statements regarding the essence and results of your research.

Don’ts:

• Don’t write down the whole outline of your paper and nothing else.
• Don’t put long, full sentences on your slides; split them into smaller ones.
• Don’t use distracting patterns, colors, pictures, and other visuals on your slides; the simpler, the better.
• Don’t use too complicated graphs or charts; only the ones that are easy to understand.
• Now that we’ve discussed the basics, let’s move on to the top tips for making a powerful presentation of your research paper.

8 tips on how to make research paper presentation that achieves its goals

You’ve probably been to a presentation where the presenter reads word for word from their PowerPoint outline. Or where the presentation is cluttered, chaotic, or contains too much data. The simple tips below will help you summarize a 10 to 15-page paper for a 15 to 20-minute talk and succeed, so read on!

Tip #1: Less is more

You want to provide enough information to make your audience want to know more. Including details but not too many and avoiding technical jargon, formulas, and long sentences are always good ways to achieve this.

Tip #2: Be professional

Avoid using too many colors, font changes, distracting backgrounds, animations, etc. Bullet points with a few words to highlight the important information are preferable to lengthy paragraphs. Additionally, include slide numbers on all PowerPoint slides except for the title slide, and make sure it is followed by a table of contents, offering a brief overview of the entire research paper.

Tip #3: Strive for balance

PowerPoint slides have limited space, so use it carefully. Typically, one to two points per slide or 5 lines for 5 words in a sentence are enough to present your ideas.

Tip #4: Use proper fonts and text size

The font you use should be easy to read and consistent throughout the slides. You can go with Arial, Times New Roman, Calibri, or a combination of these three. An ideal text size is 32 points, while a heading size is 44.

Tip #5: Concentrate on the visual side

A PowerPoint presentation is one of the best tools for presenting information visually. Use graphs instead of tables and topic-relevant illustrations instead of walls of text. Keep your visuals as clean and professional as the content of your presentation.

Tip #6: Practice your delivery

Always go through your presentation when you’re done to ensure a smooth and confident delivery and time yourself to stay within the allotted limit.

Tip #7: Get ready for questions

Anticipate potential questions from your audience and prepare thoughtful responses. Also, be ready to engage in discussions about your research.

Tip #8: Don’t be afraid to utilize professional help

If the mere thought of designing a presentation overwhelms you or you’re pressed for time, consider leveraging professional PowerPoint redesign services . A dedicated design team can transform your content or old presentation into effective slides, ensuring your message is communicated clearly and captivates your audience. This way, you can focus on refining your delivery and preparing for the presentation.

Lastly, remember that even experienced presenters get nervous before delivering research paper PowerPoint presentations in front of the audience. You cannot know everything; some things can be beyond your control, which is completely fine. You are at the event not only to share what you know but also to learn from others. So, no matter what, dress appropriately, look straight into the audience’s eyes, try to speak and move naturally, present your information enthusiastically, and have fun!

If you need help with slide design, get in touch with our dedicated design team and let qualified professionals turn your research findings into a visually appealing, polished presentation that leaves a lasting impression on your audience. Our experienced designers specialize in creating engaging layouts, incorporating compelling graphics, and ensuring a cohesive visual narrative that complements content on any subject.

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